00:40
Pretendo narrar la historia del advenimiento de la peor tragedia en la tumultuosa historia de la humanidad.
01:31
Prime Minister!
01:36
Señor, what are you doing?
02:02
When the shadows are enlarged, when it appears to be dark, it is Churchill who says no, and the bad will not prevail.
02:18
Churchill is one of the dominant figures of the 20th century, the central center of the greatest and most dangerous war in the human history.
02:25
When the great countries can invade and take small countries, They are superpowers with different visions of how the world should work.
02:39
Churchill believed in freedom, in freedom of expression, in democracy.
02:44
Those ideals are still not questionable today. They are distant from being.
02:49
We are guardian of our country in a time in which his life is in danger.
02:55
He is, first, a guerrero, but also a poet.
03:01
Hitler te hacía creer que él, Hitler podía hacer cualquier cosa. Churchill te hacía creer que tú eras capaz de hacer cualquier cosa.
03:11
Jamás cesaremos de perseverar contra ellos hasta que les enseñemos una lección que ellos y el mundo jamás olvidarán.
03:20
Churchill dijo, esta es la peor amenaza a la que nos hemos enfrentado en los últimos mil años.
03:27
Y que Gran Bretaña tenía que hacer todo lo posible por destruirla.
03:31
Toda nuestra democracia pendía de un hilo.
03:36
Él parecía una especie de oráculo.
03:41
Yo estoy aquí hoy porque él se enfrentó al fascismo.
03:47
El poder establecido creía que era un belicista y que disfrutaba con las masacres.
03:53
Sabemos que será difícil. Esperamos que sea largo. Tendremos dificultades para resistir.
04:00
Tenía las manos manchadas de sangre.
04:02
Era peligroso, egoísta, oportunista, brillante.
04:08
Churchill se equivocó muchas veces, pero si tienes que hacer algo bien, mejor que lo hagas en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. The world of every once in a strong leader.
04:18
Churchill was a strong leader. If Churchill was still alive, it would be like a alarm that would come back to us saying, we must protect our democracy. Wake up. Every nation expects that their leader is like Winston Churchill in times of crisis.
04:31
Indiscutably, all the leaders since then have been short.
04:47
A state of war once more exists between Great Britain and Germany.
05:15
He was anxious about the lives of the people of London.
05:26
Most of his inhabitants stayed, slept, and hid where they could. How long would it take?
05:43
¿Cuánto más tendrían que soportar?
05:49
Durante la peor parte del Bleach hubo 57 días de bombardeos consecutivos cada noche. La población civil estaba bajo ataque en Londres.
06:03
Hitler quería que los británicos fueran bombardeados hasta rendirse.
06:10
They were wild incursions designed to reduce the moral of the British.
06:14
It was exhausting for the people. They couldn't sleep at night. There was a serious risk of dismalation.
06:26
The British were worried.
06:39
They were afraid.
06:41
They were a serious danger.
06:46
I don't think we're aware of how close we were from the catastrophe of living in a world dominated by Nazis.
06:52
In some way, Winston had to keep the country in order for all this.
07:07
to give a nation that the victory could be possible, even the survival. Because if you look at the window, you didn't think that was possible. Churchill gave hope to a lot of people during a terrible period of time.
07:21
He wanted to see the people of London, and he wanted to see them. He knew that this was a battle for his hearts and his mind, and that he played an important role.
08:08
Anoche no hubo disparos antiaéreos. ¿Por qué no devolvemos el fuego? No podemos disparar en la oscuridad, señor. ¿Sería malgastar munición?
08:21
Me da igual. Quiero que contraataquemos cada noche, pase lo que pase.
08:27
Tienen que saber que contraatacamos.
08:31
During the Blitz, Churchill projected a image of calmness and determination.
08:37
He wanted to define the British behavior. He said, take a cup of tea and get on. The over-coged response of the londinians was to say, contra-ataquemos.
08:46
And that was what he promised to do.
09:10
I wanted to be the center of attention, to be the protagonist. In part, that's why it was so effective.
09:20
During those last days, I didn't accelerate the pulse in any moment.
09:28
I took things with calm. I gave the impression that I was walking with the destiny. And that my previous life had not been more than a preparation for that moment and that challenge.
09:46
He was destined for greatness and he was taught as a young man. He was convinced, since the day in which he was born, that he was in this land to serve as divine instrument to save Great Britain, to save the world.
10:13
De niño, sabía que se habían creado ciertas expectativas en torno a él, porque nació entre la alta sociedad británica.
10:25
Su padre, Randolph Churchill, fue un importante político victoriano. Y su madre, Jenny Jerome, nació en una familia rica americana.
10:39
Brillaba para mí como una estrella.
10:42
He wanted a lot, but far away.
10:48
His father never thought he would be able to be someone, and his mother didn't pay attention. She wanted to have adventures with the prince of Gales and the embankment of Austria, and that kind of stuff.
11:01
He had to be a solitary boy. When you have a dysfunctional family, the pressure is the double.
11:11
Se dice que los hombres famosos suelen ser producto de infancias infelices.
11:17
Las punzadas de la adversidad se necesitan para evocar esa implacable fijeza de objetivos sin los cuales no se suelen conseguir grandes cosas.
11:30
Everyone believed that the father of Churchill would be Prime Minister, but he was extremely arrogant, and when he elaborated his first resolution and was rejected, he wrote a letter to the Prime Minister, saying that he would never accept it, but it was. He threw his future on the border, putting so the end of his career.
11:57
Here is someone who Churchill idolized, and now what he deteriorated.
12:07
His father's death, when Churchill had only 20 years old, had a great impact on Winston.
12:18
All my dreams of camaraderie with him, of entering the parliament to his side, and with his support,
12:30
The death is, in a moment, a personal tragedy, but also a certain liberation. The death of his father allowed him to have enough space to be a great man. For me, it was just to follow his objectives and reivindicate his memory.
12:55
He wanted to seek approval, he wanted to be loved and admired. I think it's a very powerful behavior and psychological behavior.
13:03
He wanted to win his reputation, to win his recognition. He wanted to do it as they had done the aristocracy in the battle.
13:22
Churchill managed to send himself a regiment of caballeria.
13:30
Holy santo, Winston.
13:32
Do you want to battle with that rucio?
13:35
You see that yes.
13:37
It's like painting a diana on the chest. You'll see two kilometers from distance. I like to take a risk.
13:47
Winston Churchill montaba un rucio, un caballo blanco, para llamar la atención sobre sí mismo.
13:55
Sus compañeros creían que era una locura.
14:02
Nada en la vida es tan estimulante como ser disparado sin resultados.
14:15
Churchill killed several men. He could see that he was euphoric, but he also felt a tremendous respect.
14:30
It's all luck or destiny.
14:35
And our happy feet are better if we don't think too much.
14:47
Churchill was a periodist, a par que soldado, because he was an extraordinary writer and considered his rutilous passport to distinction.
14:58
The idea of having a uniformity, who at the same time is a periodist, is not in the actuality.
15:08
He was a guerrero, so he understood what the war was. But he was also a poet who was able to transmit everything to the people.
15:16
But as a military officer, he would have been extremely antipatic. He would go to the zone of combat only to write about it, to earn a lot of money and raise a reputation in the process. I think, as a fellow fellow, you would hate Winston Churchill.
15:33
Churchill would have been very comfortable in this world of the media of communication, of promotion, of spinning a good story, of getting likes and subscribing on social media.
15:46
Churchill seemed to have the innate ability of being in the perfect place, in the perfect moment.
15:55
He wanted to fight.
15:57
There was no time to lose.
16:05
The War of the Boers was an armed conflict between the British Empire and the colonists of the Boers who sought independence.
16:15
Churchill buscaba el modo de realzar su imagen.
16:18
Así que fue de expedición al frente en un tren acorazado. El tren sufrió una emboscada. Y descarriló.
16:33
Estaban bajo fuego pesado.
16:38
Churchill tenía 24 años e inmediatamente tomó el mando.
16:43
Se podía ver esa voluntad churchilliana y ese deseo de estar en el centro del meollo, de ir al frente.
16:51
Y los supervivientes reconocieron que Churchill le salvó la vida.
16:58
Pero Churchill no tuvo tanta suerte.
17:04
Churchill fue capturado y enviado a un campo de prisioneros en Pretoria. Su propia naturaleza se enfrentaba a la idea de que alguien tan vigoroso como él pudiera estar malgastando semanas, meses y posiblemente años en la cárcel. E inmediatamente empezó a trazar un plan para fugarse.
17:30
One night he realized that he was worried about the guard. He could quickly climb up and jump. The boys started looking for him everywhere.
17:39
And if they found him, they probably would have killed him.
17:41
So he decided to go to a train with the hope that he was in the right direction.
17:55
Despite not knowing any word of German, he managed to get to what is Mozambique and save him, which allowed him to write his adventures. And they had an extraordinary success. He was a hero.
18:12
When arrived in his ship, there was a multitude receiving him.
18:22
He didn't have to worry about having a reputation, he had a reputation.
18:28
The fantastic nature of what had been able to do with the fuga was really helped to become a brand in Great Britain.
18:38
Su ingenio, su confianza, su valentía, su determinación, todo eso le ayudó a sobrevivir al fugarse de los Boeres y le ayudó a ser la persona que necesitábamos que fuera durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
18:56
A veces, lo que parece mala suerte puede resultar ser buena suerte y viceversa.
19:09
Churchill became a member of the parliament with the conservative party at 25 years old. That's not typical of that time. The young Churchill was a brilliant force. He inspired a huge loyalty, but also a great incredulity.
19:36
Algo que hacen todos los jóvenes brillantes.
19:40
Todos somos gusanos, pero yo creo que soy una luciérnaga.
19:48
Y, por supuesto, eso despertó cierta tensión desde el principio con algunos miembros del Partido Conservador.
19:54
En 1904, estaba preparado para convertirse en un transfuga del Parlamento y hacerse miembro del Partido Liberal.
20:08
The Liberal Party still wasn't sure if they wanted, and the members of the Conservative Party considered him a traitor.
20:15
Churchill was a very pragmatic politician. He was not afraid to change the party. Where is the wind that could lead me to power?
20:26
Churchill became a liberal minister when he met Clementine Hossier.
20:32
Clementine was a very beautiful woman, with huge eyes, They ended up sitting together in a dinner. They immediately had conversation about what was happening in the Cámara of the Comunes, and Churchill could not believe that he had finally found a woman who shared the same interests as him, and they were married a few months later.
20:52
What joy and pleasure I felt when I met a woman of such an intellectual quality, of such strong convictions and such a noble feeling.
21:03
Clementine no podía tener una carrera política, era una mujer, no estaba permitido, pero era una forma de que pudiera tener una vida satisfactoria y emocionante.
21:13
No vivimos en un mundo de pequeñas intrigas, sino de temas graves e importantes.
21:20
Clementine estaba interesada en la política y era muy buena dando consejos.
21:26
Él no siempre se los aceptaba, pero ella siempre se los daba.
21:30
Uno de los secretos de un matrimonio feliz era no hablar ni ver a tu pareja antes del mediodía.
21:40
En cierto modo, Winston y Clementine tenían distintas ideas políticas. Él fue criado en un mundo dominado por los hombres. Y era alguien que odiaría ver desaparecer ese mundo.
21:56
Clementine was a suffragist, and Winston was a man of the old school, and his opinion was, we didn't want the vote for women, thank you very much, we have enough problems, tal and how things are. At that time, he was also secretary of the Interior. He detained and locked many suffragists.
22:21
Clementine le era totalmente leal en público, pero a puerta cerrada se enfrentaba a él. Era como su compañera de entrenamiento.
22:32
En cuanto se enteró de que las mujeres votarían por él, empezó a ser menos renuente con esa idea. Era el ejemplo perfecto de lo que es la política.
22:45
Si nos fijamos en nuestra vida pasada, We will see that one of their most usual experiences is that they have helped us with our mistakes and our decisions more sagazes.
22:56
In 1914, the World War begins. Europe is surrounded by the conflict.
23:17
Ambos bandos se atrincheraron y llegaron a un punto muerto muy rápido, conquistando terreno metro a metro.
23:25
Millones de hombres vivían en trincheras embarradas. Churchill dijo, tiene que haber algo que podamos hacer en lugar de enviar a nuestros jóvenes a morder alambre de espino al frente occidental.
23:37
Churchill fue el primer lord del almirantazo.
23:40
Y él, entre otros, empezó a buscar el modo de romper ese punto muerto.
23:46
Una de sus ideas fue una operación anfibia para eliminar a los turcos de la guerra.
23:52
En guerras previas, la Marina Real había navegado directa a los estrechos, a los dardanelos, ese fino cuerpo de agua entre Europa y lo que hoy conocemos como Oriente Medio, y los turcos tenían que hacer lo que querían que hicieran.
24:04
Sobre el papel, era una operación ideal, pero como la campaña de los dardanelos estaba dirigida por un comité, no la pusieron en marcha rápidamente.
24:14
so they lost all the elements of surprise.
24:18
The Royal Marine lost many ships.
24:22
The operation was a fiasco. Churchill responded saying, we have to send a land land to the peninsula of Gallipoli to occupy the peninsula, and then the Royal Marine could arrive on the sea and capture Istanbul.
24:36
With bad information, a leader of anodine and a poor communication, the operation ended up being a dramatic failure.
24:43
Los aliados sufrieron 147.000 bajas entre heridos y muertos.
24:56
Churchill fue el cabeza de Turco. La prensa lo castigó a él.
25:03
La gente le gritaba en las calles, tenía sangre en sus manos.
25:07
La pérdida de todas esas vidas.
25:10
Quedaba claro lo mucho que odiaba la pérdida de vidas y el sufrimiento del pueblo llano en la guerra.
25:19
Me siento como un hombre abatido.
25:22
Sé que estoy herido, pero de momento no sé la gravedad.
25:44
Van a evacuar.
25:48
Se retiran de los dardaneros.
25:51
Con el rabo entre las piernas.
25:53
¿Qué harías tú?
25:57
Me niego a consumirme en la oscuridad mientras arruinan mi nombre y mi reputación.
26:18
Winston, what's going on?
26:24
If I can't serve my country in politics, then I'll serve in battle. Tomorrow I'll go and join my regiment.
26:49
Es lo que debes hacer.
26:54
Pero que no te maten o creerán que habrás muerto a propósito.
26:59
No voy precisamente por eso.
27:04
Pero si muero y hay vida después de la muerte, iré en tu búsqueda.
27:24
The first lord of the Admiralty resigned to become a major in the field.
27:55
Imagine a member of the cabinet abandoning his position and preparing for fighting in front.
28:01
That was what Churchill did. He did what he said he would do.
28:18
Acudió con una bañera de metal y sus caballetes y todos los aparejos que un general necesita para ir a la guerra, champán, whisky, como si no fuera a hacer nada.
28:29
Llevaba tiempo sin ser soldado. A ellos no les gustaba la idea de tener un oficial famoso. Había cierta hostilidad en su regimiento al principio.
28:40
Pero luego participó en 30 expediciones a territorios desconocidos.
28:46
Cada vez que estaba bajo fuego enemigo, Churchill nunca se ponía a cubierto. Un día, uno de sus hombres le dijo, ¿por qué hace eso? Y le respondió, la cuestión es que, cuando oyes la bala pasar a tu lado, ya se ha ido, así que no merece la pena que te tires al suelo.
29:03
Pronto se dieron cuenta de que era un hombre de palabra y digno de confianza, y que era un buen líder. Se ganó a su regimiento.
29:12
Mi querida Clemmie, Puedes ir con la cabeza alta.
29:18
Y sobre todo, no te preocupes por mí.
29:24
Si mi destino aún no se ha cumplido, entonces estaré bien protegido.
29:32
Su idea de destino era que hasta el más mínimo hecho, incluyendo aquello que le había ido mal en la vida, le estaba preparando para su trabajo como primer ministro.
29:51
After the end of the World War, he had an extremely active decade.
29:57
He became Secretary of State for the Colonies and then Minister of Hacienda. So he became an autentic beast of politics. In 1924, Churchill changed the band in the Cámara of the Comunes, turning from liberals to conservatives.
30:17
In the context of the American politics, it's a little bit like if a Democrat one day would raise his hand and say, I'm going to present as Republican in the next election to win.
30:29
And he did it two times.
30:32
He was a man difficult to treat, as I understand. He irritated a lot of people. Confied in his abilities. He didn't care about it. Anyone can be a traitor.
30:45
But it needs a certain ingeniousness to be it two times.
30:50
Churchill was willing to break with the status quo of his own party, for topics that were really important for him.
31:14
In the 1930s, India wanted independence.
31:19
They were rich in the British dominion, and Churchill never supported it.
31:25
He was a child during the Victorian era, when we realized that the greatness of our empire, and our obligation to preserve it, was increasingly bigger.
31:39
Like many children aristocrats, Churchill was internated in an institution designed specifically to convert young men of high class in leaders and officials imperialists, to give them a sense of the role that they will play as civilized forces destined for a moral and racial superiority.
31:59
He was created to serve the British Empire, to keep it united, so he was a great believer in the civilized influence, for good or for bad, of Gran Bretaña and its colonial possessions.
32:11
I believe that the indian danger will cause a crisis of the same importance as the most important events in the history of Gran Bretaña.
32:26
He defined his own government.
32:30
He didn't want to allow any part of the empire, and less the joy of the crown, India, to abandon it.
32:37
Churchill, throughout his career, luchó to maintain that vision of the world as it existed when he was young. A world in which Great Britain was the great dominator, in which the Union's flag of the Union was on the territory of the whole world.
32:52
Churchill fell to the imperialism as a way to maintain the greatness of Inglaterra, but the world began to leave that idea.
33:01
I think it's difficult to consider Churchill as a defender of democracy and self-determination because he believed in the British Empire.
33:11
That adds, I think, to the problematic nature of his legacy, which we all are facing.
33:18
Because Churchill was facing his own political party for India's future, he didn't have any position in the government. He had no influence.
33:28
Esos fueron los que acabaron conociéndose como sus años salvajes.
33:34
Aún seguía en el parlamento, pero sin cargo oficial.
33:39
Nadie quería tocarlo. Era como una piedra venenosa. Estaba con un pie fuera.
33:46
Desde 1932, Churchill estaba sin cargo. Buscaba una causa y le interesaba lo que empezaba a pasar en Alemania. Y en realidad estaba en Munich.
33:59
As you can see, Gerham Stangl, the French were trying to perform in the square, but they were destroyed by the duke factory. Málvoro ordered the attack, and the French center fell.
34:28
a great victory for the Great Alliance, and all thanks to John Churchill, the first duke of Malboro, who had no fear of fighting.
34:38
Incredible. It must be gratifying to have that blood running through his veins.
34:43
I also have some of those qualities, right, Clemmie?
34:50
You have many qualities, Winston.
34:56
Churchill went to Germany, and that allowed him to see the first hand the dramatic changes that were produced in German society at that time.
35:08
I'm enjoying myself with stories of my great hero. What do you say about it? Tell me, Johann Stengel, why is his chief, Hitler, so violent with the Jews?
35:22
What logic has to be against a man only for his place of birth. How can anyone evite where he was born? If Hitler was here... Yes, where is he? Randolph said he asked us to come to dinner with us. Oh, yes. He would come, but...
35:37
He is very busy with the elections. What a shame.
35:47
Parece que el señor Hitler ha perdido la oportunidad de conocer a Winston Churchill.
36:10
En Munich, Churchill iba a reunirse con Hitler.
36:15
And it's interesting to speculate on what would have happened if the two would have been able to see and talk about the international issues of those times. And in the end, Hitler gave birth to Churchill because in the 1930s, Churchill didn't have any official charge.
36:33
Hitler told Hans Tangel that it wasn't worth meeting with Winston Churchill because Churchill was a old glory and nobody would hear him again.
36:43
What Churchill saw with such clarity and brilliance was that the Third Reich was an existential threat against human freedom. After the World War of 1914, after expulsing the emperors, they chose insignificant people.
36:57
Under this evil structure, Herbían las pasiones de la derrotada nación alemana.
37:15
Y se ensanchó un vacío en la vida nacional del pueblo alemán.
37:21
En el cual, tras una pausa, entró un maníaco despiadado.
37:29
Depositario y manifestación de los odios más violentos que jamás corroyeron el alma humana.
37:40
Adolf Hitler ascendió al poder prometiendo al pueblo alemán que Alemania volvería a ser grande, sería rica, poderosa, sería temida como antaño.
38:12
The main and dominant fact is that Germany has already begun to reorganize. We see that the philosophy of the blood hunger begins to be inculcated in its young people in an incomparable way since the days of the barbarian.
38:34
You are blood, blood and blood, blood and blood.
38:40
Churchill saw Hitler as an incredible disruptor that would bring the conflict back to Europe, which he considered a direct challenge to all the values he represented.
39:10
No creo que la guerra sea inminente ni que sea inevitable.
39:16
Pero, si no comenzamos de inmediato a ponernos en situación de seguridad, pronto dejaremos de tener la capacidad de hacerlo.
39:28
No tenemos ni un minuto que perder.
39:31
I think the lesson that Churchill learned from the First World War is that the power in the world is important. And if you want to prevent the wars of the future, you have to give an image of power, of power, of visuasion. People said that he was a belicist, that he only said those things to try to take power.
39:53
Because he had used such an extremely dramatic language, so necessary to speak of movements of independence in the empire, when he had a really worried about Hitler's auge, it was like the story of Pedro y el Lobo.
40:31
Adolf Hitler volvió a ocupar Renania en 1936.
40:34
Renania había sido un inmenso colchón de seguridad entre Francia y Alemania.
40:45
Cuando Hitler remilitarizó Renania, Churchill se dio cuenta e hizo saltar todas las alarmas. Pero Francia y Gran Bretaña no hicieron nada.
41:02
En los años 30, nadie quería que le dijeran que se avecinaba otra guerra. Recuerden lo profundo que era el pacifismo y el sentimiento antivelicista en aquella época, dados los horrores de la Primera Guerra Mundial.
41:19
Todos los líderes se sentían responsables de impedir que eso volviera a suceder.
41:24
Salvo Churchill, que fue una de las voces que se cuestionaba esa perspectiva y que la catalogó como errónea.
41:35
Durante cinco años he estado hablando de estos temas a la cámara sin un gran éxito.
41:45
He visto esta famosa isla descender sin límite, inútilmente.
41:53
the road that leads to a dark abyss.
42:07
Michael!
42:21
In 1938, Adolf Hitler would be annexing to Austria.
42:24
Hitler would be running with his own. The British and French would be retiring, and he would think he would continue to do it.
42:30
Many of the British politicians believed that they would be keeping the peace.
42:35
In his case, the British politics of conciliation indicated that the international community would not be opposed to its expansionism.
42:52
During that time, during that time, we had a national government dominated by conservatives and led by Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister.
43:03
Neville Chamberlain had known a Churchill throughout his political life, but when Churchill began to say about Hitler, Chamberlain didn't make any case.
43:15
Cuanto más preparados estemos y mejor sepamos que estamos preparados, más posibilidades tendremos de evitar una guerra y de salvar a Europa de la catástrofe que la amenaza. ¿Durante cuánto tiempo seguiremos negando lo obvio?
43:38
Experimenté una sensación de desesperación. Estar tan absolutamente convencido en una cuestión de vida o muerte para el propio país y no ser capaz de hacer que el parlamento y la nación hicieran caso de la advertencia o que aceptaran las pruebas e hicieran algo fue una experiencia muy dolorosa.
44:00
Después de que Francia y Gran Bretaña fracasaran a la hora de enfrentarse a Hitler, éste siguió adelante y fue a por Checoslovaquia.
44:08
Checoslovaquia era una aliada de Inglaterra y Francia.
44:12
Así que el resto de Europa se dijo, ¿cómo apaciguamos a este advenedizo?
44:23
El primer ministro británico, Neville Chamberlain, tomó la decisión de negociar con Hitler, que prometió que los alemanes estarían satisfechos con las fronteras occidentales de Checoslovaquia.
44:37
When Neville Chamberlain came back to Munich, he believed that he had reached a great agreement.
44:44
We regard the agreement signed last night as symbolic of the desire of our two peoples never to go to war with one another again.
44:58
So they went to the west of Czechoslovakia with the agreement of Munich.
45:04
And so they brought Checoslovaquia to the leones.
45:07
They gave him a territory that was not his own territory.
45:11
Churchill dio un discurso sobre esta tragedia. 30 minutos eviscerando al gobierno de Chamberlain por permitir que sucediera esto.
45:21
Esto es solo el principio del ajuste de cuentas. Es solo el primer trago, la primera muestra de una copa amarga que nos irán sirviendo año tras año, a menos que...
45:35
For a supreme recuperation of martial vigor, we do it again and defend our freedom, like in the old times. Hitler told the speech of Churchill and said...
46:00
Churchill came to enfadar a Hitler. He did it thanks to his great sense of humor. The Nazi Germany is so compassionate that they only ask the right to live
46:30
and that they allow them to conquer and kill the evil.
46:34
Hitler was a rabies creature. He had a certain intuition. He perceived that Churchill was someone who would not plead to him.
46:48
Churchill understood that there was a storm in Fiernes and that at some point, Britain would have to compromise. But Britain would still not declare war in Germany.
47:00
Parece que estamos muy cerca de la lóbrega elección entre guerra o vergüenza.
47:06
Creo que vamos a elegir vergüenza y luego declarar la guerra un poco después, en términos más adversos que los presentes.
47:22
En 1939, Hitler rompió las promesas que hizo en Múnich y entró en el resto de Checoslovaquia.
47:31
The agreement of Munich had been a great lie, and Chamberlain came like a necio someting to Hitler.
47:39
This created a great source of support for Churchill.
47:45
He was right from the beginning.
47:49
The people realized that those who faced Churchill were devils.
47:56
They lacked courage.
47:58
Churchill knew that the war with Hitler was a lost cause, and that the war against the Nazi Germany was very real, very imminent.
48:18
In 1939, Germany signed a pact with the Soviet Union for the division of Poland.
48:24
is something imaginable today.
48:26
It would be like if the United States and Russia became allies and collaborated with a country that is among them. Germany invaded Poland at the dawn of September 1.
48:56
Polonia became the water that derramed the vaso.
48:58
The storm of the war started on Europe for 2, 3, 4 or 5 years. 1939 was the beginning of the Second World War. The saddest moment has arrived. Germany and Great Britain are again in the state of war.
49:21
Obviously, Hitler had to admit it. Churchill was considered a kind of oracle.
49:27
People finally recognized that Churchill had to be re-elegated.
49:35
The Prime Minister asked me to go to Downing Street.
49:39
Chamberlain gave him the position of the Lord of the Admiral, the same duty he had at the beginning of the World War.
49:49
This allowed to send the signal to the British flot.
49:53
Winston had returned.
49:55
Churchill was excited. At the end, he had proved that his warnings about Hitler were true, and now he was in position to do something about it.
50:04
Every man believes in that if he gives enough food to a crocodile, he will eat it in the last place.
50:18
Todos esperaban que la tormenta pasara antes de que los devorara.
50:25
Pero yo me temo, mucho me temo, que la tormenta no pasará.
50:32
Lloverá y tronará.
50:36
Cada vez más fuerte.
50:40
Y cada vez se extenderá más.
50:58
Unos ataques sorpresa alemanes contra Dinamarca y Noruega pillaron a los británicos desprevenidos.
51:06
Se produjo una importante guerra naval y Gran Bretaña y Francia fueron expulsados abruptamente de Noruega.
51:14
En ese momento, la política conciliadora de Neville Chamberlain pasó a ser considerada como un completo desastre. Toda la confianza política en ese gobierno había desaparecido.
51:25
El pueblo británico estaba enfadado con Chamberlain. Sus aliados más cercanos del gabinete reconocieron que había llegado el momento y debía irse.
51:37
Neville Chamberlain tuvo que dimitir y nombrar al nuevo primer ministro.
51:42
El problema es, por supuesto, que convertirse en primer ministro en ese momento era un caramelo envenenado. ¿Quién querría el puesto?
51:50
Las opciones se habían reducido a una elección entre el secretario de Exteriores, Lord Halifax, una paloma que apoyaba la conciliación, y Churchill, el gavilán.
52:04
Así que tenían que elegir si querían a alguien de la Cámara que aún intentara buscar una salida negociada a esta crisis or if they wanted to have someone willing to fight.
52:20
The 9th of May of 1940, four men se reunieron on the 10th of Downing Street.
52:26
The first was Neville Chamberlain, the first minister salient. Then the chief of discipline, David Margison. The next was Lord Halifax.
52:37
And finally, of course, Winston Churchill. There was a lot of speculation about what was said in that meeting.
52:46
I don't remember exactly the words that he used to use, but this was what it meant.
52:56
It was clear that the responsibility would touch me. In fact, it would touch me.
53:03
Churchill afirmaba que, tras un largo silencio, todos estaban de acuerdo que tenía que ser él. Lo que pasó fue lo mismo que había sucedido a lo largo de toda la vida de Churchill. Él le exigió el puesto.
53:18
Y la tarde del 10 de mayo, Winston Churchill se convirtió en primer ministro.
53:25
Winston Churchill, the man who had always believed, even in his wild years, that one day he would be Prime Minister, that one day he would lead his country, now he had that opportunity.
53:38
The day that Winston Churchill became Prime Minister, was the day that the Germans invaded the Bages. And for the rest of the world, it was terrifying.
53:53
The attack Blitzkrieg of the German, also known as Guerra Relâmpago, was attacked by the army. It's been literally 125 years since Gran Bretaña was attacked by this possible invasion, and that fact was impossible to make it.
54:05
The Nazis advanced. The British people were terrorized. The British people needed a call to inspire them.
54:24
Churchill tried to convince the politicians and a large part of the public to remain in the war against Hitler. The destiny of Winston Churchill, the destiny of Europe and possibly the destiny of the free world, went from a hilo in May of 1940.
54:37
I'll say to the camera what I've said to those who united this government. I don't have anything else to offer.
54:53
...que sangre, esfuerzo, lágrimas y sudor.
55:03
Tenemos ante nosotros un desafío de los más graves.
55:08
Nos esperan muchos, muchos largos meses de lucha y sufrimiento.
55:14
Me preguntan cuál es nuestra política.
55:18
Y yo les diré que es librar una guerra...
55:23
Por mar, tierra y aire.
55:29
Con todo el poder y toda la fuerza que Dios nos pueda dar.
55:37
Librar una guerra contra una monstruosa tiranía nunca superada en el oscuro y triste catálogo del crimen humano.
55:49
Esa es nuestra política.
55:52
Me preguntan cuál es nuestro objetivo.
55:57
Puedo responder con una palabra.
56:00
Victoria.
56:04
Victoria a toda costa.
56:07
Victoria a pesar del horror.
56:11
Victoria por largo y difícil que sea el camino. Porque sin victoria no habrá supervivencia.
56:29
Solo espero que no sea demasiado tarde.
56:34
Mucho me temo que sí.
56:55
Thank you.
57:28
Bye.
58:56
Geekheid!
59:33
He needed a armageddon to come to Prime Minister.
59:41
Now he was decided that the power was not in other hands apart from mine.
59:59
Amigos, ¿tienen todo lo que necesitan?
60:04
Bien. ¿Qué es esto?
60:10
Los llaman Tommy Gunn, señor.
60:13
Subfusiles Thompson.
60:16
Los americanos incluyeron algunos en su cargamento de rifles.
60:19
Son como los de las pelis de mafiosos.
60:22
Estaréis listos para recibir a los alemanes, supongo. Sí, primer ministro.
60:27
Aquellos que no se ahoguen lo recibiremos con una de estas, eh, Pak. ¿Puedo? ¿Cuántos han llegado? Unos cientos, señor.
60:41
Enviad algunas a las zonas de defensa costera.
60:44
Que la gente vea que estamos armados hasta los cientos.
60:47
Me aseguraré de ello, primer ministro.
60:50
Señor.
61:33
It had begun the displacement of the German army with the invasion of the Basis and Francia.
61:50
Churchill has the most complex challenge than any leader in modern history.
61:55
He had a catastrophe in the military.
61:59
The day that Winston Churchill became Prime Minister was the day that began the crisis. The invasion of the Bages, Holanda, Belgium, Luxembourg and France began the 10th of May. So right away he was right.
62:14
The fury of the storm, accumulated lently and so much time contained, fell on us finally.
62:23
Four or five millions of men faced each other in the first shock of the most despiad of all the guerrillas of which we know.
62:31
One of the problems of leadership is when you try to self-advocate, when you think, why me? How is that this could not happen under the mandate of another? Churchill never felt the most self-advocation.
62:50
When Churchill takes the protagonism, in a certain way it's like the dream of a leader, the situation is white or white, right? We are good, Hitler is bad. We will face him, white and white.
63:12
Churchill no solo se nombró primer ministro, sino también ministro de defensa.
63:20
Because the lesson that Churchill learned about the crisis in the World War in the First World War was that he failed because there was no one at hand taking all the decisions.
63:32
I finally had the power to give orders on the total of the situation. I thought I knew very well the situation and I was sure that I would not fall.
63:51
No sé si fue el destino.
63:53
Solo sé que estaba en una situación difícil y la afrontó directamente.
63:57
Mis experiencias en esos primeros días fueron singulares.
64:02
Convivía con la batalla en la que se centraban todos los pensamientos y sobre la que no se podía hacer nada.
64:12
No recuerdo cómo pasaban las horas.
64:21
Luxemburgo se rendiría en horas.
64:24
Holanda se rendiría en cinco días.
64:28
Bélgica se rendiría en 18 días.
64:32
Y fue sorprendente porque se esperaba que Francia, Francia que tenía un ejército de clase mundial, que tenía más tanques y mejores que los alemanes, pudiera aguantar meses, si no años.
64:44
El ejército francés se hundía. Un poderoso ataque de blindados alemanes atravesaría el ejército francés.
64:52
and he would reach the coast of the canal, dividing the army.
65:00
The war was almost in a constant session.
65:04
You can imagine them sitting in a room full of smoke, while these dispatchers were bringing in a series of telegrams and more bad news from France. The franceses are struggling.
65:23
Y la situación es lamentable.
65:27
Churchill se puso en una situación de riesgo en varias ocasiones. Voló varias veces a París a celebrar reuniones con el primer ministro francés intentando animarles.
65:37
Churchill decía, tengan por seguro que yo no voy a fallar. Todos los demás pensaban que fracasaría.
65:43
Randolph Churchill, his son, was sitting in the bathroom while Churchill was afeited and said, I'm sure we'll win. And Randolph said, how do you know? And Churchill said, I'll throw to the Americans.
65:58
I'll throw to the Americans.
66:05
America was comfortable and safe from the other side of the Atlantic.
66:11
Los Estados Unidos estaban pasando por sus propios problemas con la Gran Depresión y la opinión general por todo el país era más bien de aislacionismo. Les ayudamos en la última guerra y esa gente ha vuelto a meterse en otra. Es un problema suyo, no nuestro.
66:28
Cuando Churchill se convirtió en primer ministro, tenía una línea de comunicación abierta con Roosevelt. Ya habían intercambiado telegramas. Podía intentar convencerle de ese modo.
66:38
Secreto y personal.
66:41
Esperamos ser atacados en nuestro país y nos estamos preparando para ello.
66:46
Si fuera necesario, podríamos continuar la guerra solos y no tenemos miedo de hacerlo.
66:53
Pero confío en que se dará cuenta, señor presidente, que la voz y la fuerza de los Estados Unidos podrían no servir de nada si tardan en intervenir.
67:05
It's possible that they have a totally subyugated and nazified, with an incredible speed. And the weight can be higher than what we can support.
67:17
Roosevelt le dio una respuesta evasiva y le dijo, me gustaría ayudarle, pero necesito la aprobación del Congreso. Churchill estaba furioso y le dijo a sus asesores, este tío es el presidente de los Estados Unidos y necesita permiso del Congreso, no puede hacer nada por él mismo. Pero esa era la postura de Roosevelt.
67:42
In May of 1940, the British and French army were separated, almost surrounded, pushed to the sea, humiliated. The German army continued to advance, approaching each other more. If the British army had been surrounded and captured by the German army, which could have happened,
68:12
Then it would have been the end of Gran Bretaña in the Second World War.
68:17
The Luftwaffe dominated the ciel, which meant that they could destroy and bombarded any rescue fleet. The British army and a large part of the French army were trapped in a small area of the north of France, near the port of Dunkerque.
68:44
And that area around Dunkerque began to be asediated.
68:49
Tell them to the French, that we can't send more planes.
68:54
Well, sir.
68:56
Behind the Bambalinas had a terrible dilemma.
69:00
Bologna and Calais are almost lost.
69:04
Si caen, solo nos queda una opción para sacar a nuestros hombres. Dunkerque.
69:09
La Operación Dynamo, sí. Traer a todos nuestros chicos en barco o a todos los que podamos.
69:15
Sí, señor. Pero el puerto de Dunkerque no es lo bastante profundo para nuestros destructores y ya está lleno de barcos hundidos.
69:23
Entonces necesitaremos barcos más pequeños, unos que puedan llegar a la playa. Serán objetivos más pequeños para la Luftwaffe.
69:29
Perderemos grandes cantidades de armamento si evacuamos ahora, señor. Tendremos que abandonarlo.
69:35
Los camiones y los tanques son sustituibles. Un ejército de hombres no.
69:39
Tenga preparados los barcos pequeños.
69:42
Sí, señor.
69:49
¿Y a cuántos podemos salvar realmente?
69:56
Tal vez... Unos 45.000 se aguanta el tiempo. ¿45.000?
70:04
of almost 400.000, we will lose our army. We will not be able to prevent an invasion.
70:12
Churchill tried to convince the cabinet to remain in the war against Hitler. He was a superior threat to anyone who we had faced in the last 1.000 years. He was not Napoleon. He was not the Emperor Guillermo. Hitler was different because he was a lunatic demon and retorcido. He was a maniac.
70:31
Winston, it's time to negotiate.
70:35
If Hitler invade... My dear Lord Halifax, if Hitler invade, we will fight with bottles rotas, if it's precise. Yes, very pintoresco, Winston, but no... We have to wait, Edward.
70:48
Obviously, you will know what it means to negotiate with that man.
70:52
It means to accept the terms of the conquest. And yet they haven't conquered yet.
70:58
Hitler exigirá a nuestra marina y nos convertirá en un Estado esclavo.
71:04
No.
71:06
Cuando vengan los americanos... Pero los americanos no vendrán, Winston.
71:11
Tienes que ser realista. Debemos negociar ya.
71:23
In May of 1940, nine meetings of the war cabinet considered seriously to entabler negotiations of peace.
71:31
It could have happened.
71:34
Churchill believed that we would not reach any agreement.
71:38
Some things were more important, and this was one of them.
71:44
It was an incredible act of moral courage to stand and say no.
71:53
We are now going to negotiate with the devil.
71:55
We have to imagine how the world would have been if Winston Churchill had not been in that room full of smoke in May 1940.
72:21
Imaginémonos una mano como esas que salían en el programa de los Monty Python bajando y sacando a Churchill de la sala. Es demasiado plausible imaginar que Gran Bretaña hubiera llegado a un acuerdo con Hitler. Mucha gente lo quería. Muchos conservadores políticos como Halifax lo querían.
72:44
Eso...
72:47
It would have been a disaster without a parallel for humanity.
72:52
European civilization would have lost against an odious, racist and anti-semitic tyranny. If we eliminate Churchill, it would have been a mess.
73:03
Never, never, never, never, never. In nothing, big or small, important or small.
73:15
Nunca abandonéis, salvo por convicciones de honor y de lógica.
73:21
Nunca os rindáis ante la fuerza.
73:25
Nunca os rindáis ante el aparente poder sobrecogedor del enemigo.
73:32
Es esa firmeza la que nos gusta de ese hombre.
73:36
Así que, a finales de mayo, Churchill dio luz verde a la Operación Dynamo.
73:46
The destiny of Winston Churchill, the destiny of Europe, and probably the destiny of the free world.
73:52
There were hundreds of thousands of Britannians who had to be evacuated from Dunkirk under a huge pressure.
73:58
The expectation, at least initially, was that we were able to take a 45.000 people. This is all a disaster. But the question is how big it would be.
74:09
Churchill reconocía que el riesgo era grande y que, dependiendo del resultado, sería una operación decisiva.
74:18
Se solicitó la colaboración de todo barco civil para que participara en la evacuación.
74:23
A number of appeals for recruits have been issued today.
74:27
The Admiralty want men experienced in yachts or motorboats.
74:30
They needed boats that could reach less depth, so they ended up with a load of boats, boats, recreational boats.
74:35
All those who had a boat, the type of boat, the type of boat, or a boat, had to reach Dunkerque, so they had the support of the brilliant improvisation of incredible boats.
74:56
Entre el 26 de mayo y el 4 de junio no sacaron a 45.000 hombres Sacaron a 338.000 Más de 200.000 británicos y más de 100.000 de sus aliados y socios
75:25
In the midst of our defeat, the inhabitants of the British Islands, united and invincible, were covered with glory.
75:33
And the history of Dunkerque's beaches will shine in the documents that register our history.
75:46
There was a great national contribution to achieve the goal.
75:51
Cuando lograron rescatar a su ejército profesional y a muchos de sus aliados, se consideró un milagro. La gente estaba eufórica por lo conseguido.
76:01
Se pintó un relato muy optimista de esa evacuación, cómo la victoriosa fuerza expedicionaria británica había sido rescatada para poder luchar otro día. Eso fue lo que se publicó.
76:16
But the reality is that all his team, his vehicles, his tanks, his artillery, were lost.
76:24
How could they maintain the functionality of the British army?
76:33
The reality is that in June of 1940, Britain was isolated. It was lost. It was lost. The German army dominated the coast of the canal. Hitler was 30 kilometers from the Dover. The Germans could see Britain from the other side of the canal. In a period of six weeks, we were alone, almost armed.
77:03
with a Germany triunfant ready to go ahead, with all Europe ready to go to Hitler. Churchill didn't have a rest.
77:09
A few weeks after taking the job, Churchill would face the most crisis in which Britain had faced in its modern history. The great fear was that now that Germany had occupied the most part of France, they were the following.
77:17
And in reality, they were the only country that left to face Germany.
77:34
It was impossible to explain, not only to our own people, but also to the world, that our decision to continue fighting was not a mere desperate effort.
77:45
In the summer of 1940, Churchill won the War of the Words, and he did it mobilizing the English language and sending it to the battle. We must be careful not to assign this rescue the attributes of a victory.
78:01
Las guerras no se ganan con evacuaciones.
78:04
Churchill cogió ese gran momento, Dunkerque y la evacuación, y mitigó cualquier atisbo de euforia, porque le estaba dando un toque de realidad a su gente.
78:14
A pesar de que grandes trechos de Europa y muchos estados antiguos y famosos han caído o podrían caer a manos de la Gestapo y de todo el odioso aparato del gobierno nazi, No debemos ni detenernos y fracasar. Debemos seguir hasta el final.
78:35
Debemos luchar en Francia.
78:38
Debemos luchar en mares y océanos. Debemos luchar con cada vez más confianza y cada vez más fuerza. Debemos defender nuestra isla, cueste lo que cueste.
78:51
Debemos luchar en las playas.
78:54
Debemos luchar en las zonas de desembarco. Debemos luchar en los campos y en las calles. Debemos luchar en las colinas. ¡Jamás nos rendiremos!
79:11
The conversation of the fight on the plains is a great example of how Churchill used communication to promote his leadership. You could say that he had three audiences. The British public, Hitler, and his most important audience, Franklin Roosevelt, and the American people. And what he was trying to say to Franklin Roosevelt was that, we are going to win. We are not going to capitulate.
79:38
And if this is the case, although I don't believe it for a moment, that this island would be subyugated to Ilfamélica, then the new world, with all its strength and power, would come to the rescue and the liberation of the old world.
79:58
The new world with all his strength and power. That was Franklin Roosevelt. It ends with a petition and a plegarian. If they wanted to do what Hitler had done, they needed Roosevelt.
80:12
His strategy was to avoid, and he had to convince the United States to intervene.
80:20
Churchill was known for describing the United Kingdom as a brave island that stands alone against the power of fascism. But the reality was that Great Britain had a whole empire behind it. And I think America was skeptical of that narrative, that Great Britain was not the unarmed country that it should be.
80:40
There are many essential services calling now for recruits, the local defense volunteers,
80:51
Churchill had to act immediately after the evacuation of Dunkerque. He needed to militarize the country.
80:59
I think in that call, the spirit of the war.
81:03
I think in the courage of the women involved in the war, the young people who were involved in fighting for their country.
81:16
And also, I think in my parents and their generation across the entire empire, and in this case, in the Caribbean, who called them to fight. France had fallen.
81:33
It was another day incredibly dark. It's very desolating.
81:47
Tras la caída de Francia, todos nuestros amigos y enemigos se preguntaron, ¿se rendirá también Gran Bretaña?
81:59
La batalla de Francia se ha terminado.
82:03
La batalla de Gran Bretaña está a punto de comenzar. Toda la furia y el poder del enemigo se centrarán solo en nosotros.
82:14
Describió una imagen al mundo entero con sus aprendentes cadencias en los discursos escritos a modo de salmos como si fueran pura poesía. Churchill was totally honest about the values of liberty.
82:30
And in that sense, he also spoke to this era where we have to make clear the values for which it is worth fighting.
82:39
Hitler knows that he will have to defeat us in this island or lose the war. If we face him, All of Europe could be free and the life of the world could move on to large lands of the sun.
82:59
However, if we fall, all of the world, the United States included, all of what we have known and appreciated, will be in the dark abyss of a new dark cloud that seems more sinister under the lights of the pervert science. Therefore, Preparémonos para cumplir nuestras obligaciones.
83:24
Y tengamos en cuenta que, si el Imperio Británico y su comunidad de naciones duran mil años, los hombres dirán que este fue su mejor momento.
83:38
It was a way of communication and leadership, but it was effective, because if you could, with words, make sure that the British people would continue to fight, that they would not stop, the people would not have anything to say, okay, we'll have to do that. In many ways, he always was an orator belicist, in search of a war, and now he had it. It's one of the discourses that we now, throwing a look at it, we think is one of the best in the 20th century.
84:09
Por curioso que parezca, el pueblo británico no lo oyó en directo. En su lugar, lo grabó para emitirlo por radio y el público pensó que su dicción era horrible. Creían que estaba borracho. Una persona envió un telegrama a Downing Street sugiriendo que se tumbara y tal vez estaba borracho, pero la historia es que sonaba de ese modo porque tenía un puro en la boca mientras leía el discurso.
84:36
Of course, with the time, it became a mythological.
84:40
It's a bit like a Beatles song. You don't remember the first time you heard it, because it's always there in the background.
84:46
At a moment in which the moral would be lower, because it seemed like we were not strong enough to face Hitler, Churchill said, you know what? We are. He found ways to inform the people, to make them feel good.
85:04
We must break and break each one of the attacks of Hitler.
85:12
The difference between Hitler and Churchill's discourses was that Hitler made you think that he, Hitler, was able to do anything. Churchill made you think that you were able to do anything.
85:29
France called a peace, allowing Britain to continue the war on its own.
85:36
The problem with Churchill and the British Empire was, who would now be the French Empire?
85:40
At all costs, against all risks, of one way or another, we had to make sure that the French army would not fall in the wrong hands, that they could lead us to the ruin.
85:59
The entire operation of the government went to clandestine during the war, and he was there, deciding, for example, whether they would have to annihilate the French fleet.
86:09
If our calculators are in the correct way.
86:14
Los alemanes están utilizando el código de la marina francesa.
86:17
Lo que significaría que ya tienen control de la flota francesa o lo tendrán pronto.
86:23
No es probable que los nazis vayan a desmantelar una flota de guerra en perfecto estado por mucho que diga Hitler.
86:28
Creo que podemos ignorar cualquier cosa que nos diga Hitler.
86:33
Oh, los franceses.
86:36
Debemos apoderarnos de su fuerza naval.
86:39
or to destroy it.
86:40
In the name of God, why haven't we done it already? There are many reasons, Mr. Biberbrook. Maybe they will not give their ships for the war. Do you think Hitler will allow them to leave the port?
86:51
Hitler will ask them to give their ships. If they don't, they will kill Marsella.
86:58
If they don't, they will kill Lyon.
87:01
And so on, they will not have an election. The Admiral Somerville is at the command of the attack force.
87:08
He wants to avoid the use of the force at all costs. That man served with the French in the last war.
87:15
Me too. We all serve. It's a... decision aborreciable.
87:27
If the French don't want to leave their boats, to sabotage them, or to join us...
87:38
Contidlos.
87:44
Los franceses habían sido nuestros queridos aliados hasta el día de ayer. Y nos da auténtica pena la desgracia de Francia.
87:54
Pero por otra parte, estaban en juego la vida del Estado y la salvación de nuestra causa.
88:02
Churchill dio un ultimátum a la marina francesa.
88:07
Podéis navegar con vuestra flota hasta Canadá y estar de nuestra parte, o podéis hundir vuestros barcos.
88:20
Y por supuesto, Francia no eligió ninguna de esas opciones, porque no sintonizaban con sus intereses nacionales.
88:28
After unos días agonizantes, Churchill tomó la decisión de que tendría que atacar unos barcos franceses en un puerto de África del Norte.
88:39
Era un acto muy grave contra un aliado, pero fue otra de esas difíciles decisiones que Winston Churchill tuvo que tomar.
88:51
Y entonces la Marina Real hundió la flota francesa.
88:59
Era una tragedia griega, pero jamás hubo un acto más necesario para la vida de Gran Bretaña y para todos los que dependían de ella.
89:12
1300 marineros franceses perdieron la vida.
89:20
Aquí estaba Gran Bretaña, que para muchos estaba arruinada, golpeando sin piedad a sus mejores amigos de antaño y asegurándose durante un tiempo el dominio indiscutible de los mares.
89:34
Quedó claro que el gabinete de guerra británico no le temía a nada y no se detendría ante nada.
89:59
It seemed to be invaded at any time. At that time, if you were in Gran Bretaña, the threat was real and imminent.
90:06
France had fallen. What would happen would be the invasion of Inglaterra, or what was known as Operation León Marino.
90:11
Hitler saw the situation in the summer of 1940 and, first, hoped that Gran Bretaña would surrender. Why would they fight?
90:26
But thanks to Churchill, Britain didn't give up. He said that there was no peace with Adolf Hitler.
90:32
Churchill was a very testarious person. At times of pressure, when others would have died, he would have remained centred. One of the ways that this war would end quickly is convincing the enemy, not with words, but with facts, to attack with strength and inesperance.
90:56
Mr. Churchill has explained it once again that he will fight. Only I am aware of it that the progress of this fight will only be with the full control of the one and the two fights end. Mr. Churchill may believe that it's not true, but I know that it will be England.
91:18
Antes de invadir Gran Bretaña, tienes que destruir la fuerza aérea británica, conseguir la superioridad aérea. Hitler comenzó la batalla de Gran Bretaña para hacer eso.
91:29
La mayor esperanza de Winston era el mando de caza de la RAF. Al comenzar la guerra, acababan de entrar en servicio unos aviones modernos, el Hurricane y el Speedfire.
91:42
También había 30.000 vigilantes costeros en 1.000 puestos de observación. Había gente trabajando en radares, trabajando en artillería antiaérea, controlando los focos reflectores y los globos de barrera, mecánicos que devolvían aviones al aire, gente en las fábricas de producción construyendo aviones para sustituir los abatidos.
92:02
El primer ataque aéreo en masa contra Gran Bretaña llegó en el que llamaron Día del Águila.
92:08
This was an attempt from the Luftwaffe, the German force, to destroy British planes, to destroy the airspeed and landing. We talked about 1.000 planes coming to the British coast. We talked about hundreds of British planes coming to face them.
92:38
At the high height of the Battle of Gran Bretaña, the Spitfire attacked the German planes in the south of England. They were moving and maneuvering and attacking between them. Gran Bretaña could not be in any danger. Someone described it as if the country was holding on by its walls, expecting to be invaded every day.
93:09
El país contenía el aliento porque creía que el Blitzkrieg vendría por el Canal de la Mancha.
93:16
Churchill invitaba a generales y a ministros del gabinete a trabajar en Checkers, la casa de campo del primer ministro.
93:25
Y trataban de encontrar algún momento en el que reducir el estrés.
93:34
Por el amor de Dios, Winston, deja de sacar ese trasto en casa.
93:38
Cuando los alemanes nos invadan, no me cogerán con vida.
93:44
Espero que cada miembro de esta casa se lleve a un alemán con él.
93:49
Yo pienso llevarme a varios.
93:51
¿Esperas que nos invadan antes del almuerzo? Si no es así, guárdala.
93:59
¿Antes del almuerzo o después? Da igual, Clemy.
94:04
La cuestión es que vendrán y debemos estar preparados para enfrentarnos a ellos.
94:08
He spoke with Cornwallis, by telegram.
94:13
He said that he has a new lema to put them in shape. Don't sit down.
94:20
Prime Minister, you heard it? Don't sit down.
94:23
I heard it. What did he say about his disposition to fight?
94:29
That they need more teams. What? More teams?
94:37
Yes.
94:38
Look, page 6.
94:40
It's 100% of personnel. Rifles and mortar.
94:45
How am I going to take this war if I don't have exact information? Diga, Cornwall, that I want exact numbers in my hands tomorrow morning. Tramíteno ya. No seas abuso, Winston, for God's sake.
94:59
Churchill era un jefe exigente y gritaba a los suyos.
95:05
Era aterrador. Era un personaje exuberante.
95:09
A cualquiera le resultaba difícil discutir con él. La mayoría de la gente se retiraba.
95:17
Todos reconocían que Churchill era una figura excéntrica. Winston Churchill nunca quería perder ni un minuto, así que dictaba cosas a su secretaria desde la bañera.
95:29
Churchill invented what was called the Siren's traje, which was a kind of a third one that he had on his normal clothes. He had big bags for his puros. He was very comfortable with it. He would love it. He would love it. He would love it.
95:55
He liked to wear different uniforms. After all, he was a kind of a theater actor. He knew that all his life had been prepared for this moment in the world's stage and he was going to do a great action. What have you there, Thompson? The gardener says that the Germans are throwing out all over London, sir.
96:13
He's looking for invitation to kill.
96:25
Bien, tenemos su atención, ¿verdad? Era propaganda alemana, la famosa foto de Winston Churchill sujetando un subfusil Thompson. Estaban intentando hacer que quedara como un mafioso, pero todo el mundo en los Estados Unidos decía que era una metralleta americana, así que les salió el tiro por la culata porque los americanos veían a Winston Churchill como alguien con quien se podían identificar.
96:55
There was a huge pressure. There was a battle in the States of Inglaterra. They could see the windfall of the vapor of the German bombarders and the German bombardment of the country. They could see a wave after a wave after a wave. It was a terrifying. And then the Luftwaffe committed a error. A bombardment lost and bombarded London by accident.
97:37
We responded to the sporadic attacks that were developed at the end of August, with our attack to Berlin as a represalia.
97:42
Churchill understood of public relations, understood of diplomatia, understood of politics, and it was his greatest declaration of intentions, because although the Britannians were surrounded by their island defending their coasts, they were able to attack the enemy's capital, Berlin.
98:02
I think nothing impressed Hitler as much as when he realized the ira and the will of britain.
98:12
In the end, he was a great admirer.
98:16
The pomposo Hermann Göring had promised Hitler that Berlin would not be bombarded, that the enemy bombarders would never come to her. It was not true.
98:32
We're going to die in your state!
98:35
I'm Hitler, C. Cabrero.
98:37
We're going to come, and one of us will break, and that will not be the national-political German!
98:48
And there was a slight escalation, a toma y daca. Hitler was furious for the fact that there had fallen bombs on Berlin and began to respond.
98:55
And now the situation began to change. To attack the real force to attack the British population.
99:04
It was a transcendental decision.
99:07
The evacuation of children from the danger zones of England and Scotland carried on.
99:14
His idea was that if there were enough damage in London, maybe the British would die, maybe the British would die, maybe the people would die, maybe the people would die and the people would die against Churchill.
99:26
The decodicators of Bletchy Park told Churchill that an important attack was imminent because they had decodified the communication codes.
99:35
Our destiny now depends on the victory in the air. So I was driving me in a car to Uxbridge and arrived at the general of the group. We brought my wife and me to the operation room of bombs, located 15 meters below the ground.
99:50
They went down all those stairs to see people moving maquetas that represented squadrons, planes, ships, and formations, coming in an immense map.
100:03
If you were a pilot of the RAF, you were probably tired of the night before, but then you received a call from the control center. Some observers have detected several German planes approaching the border. The radio confirms that it is true. 40, 60, 80... It was the number of planes that saw cross the border.
100:16
And what Churchill saw was the commander calling each of the squadron to be ready, until they finally made them out.
100:33
There was a wall where there was a line of red lights. And each red light represented a squadron. When the red light was on, the squadron was on the air. There was a moment when all the lights were on.
101:01
Me di cuenta de la preocupación del comandante.
101:05
Hasta entonces, yo había observado sin decir nada. Pero entonces pregunté, ¿qué otras reservas tenemos?
101:13
No hay más.
101:16
Estás hablando con un controlador que dice, eh, te vamos a llevar en esta dirección para que puedas realizar la intercepción saliendo a contraluz.
101:24
Y entonces intervienes. Fue una batalla aérea inmensa.
101:38
Aviones intentando encontrar una ventaja uno contra uno. Miraras donde miraras había peligro o alguien en peligro.
101:50
El mando de caza de la RAF invirtió todos sus recursos en esa batalla aérea. Y llegó un punto de no retorno.
102:00
Las probabilidades eran enormes, nuestros márgenes escasos y había muchas cosas en juego.
102:22
At the end, the day ended with the British, saying to have achieved 180 attacks. At the end, there were 58 and 20 hit graves. But this was what caused the Germans to make again attacks on Inglaterra. The 15th of September was the culmination of the Battle of Gran Bretaña. That same night, our cavalry army attacked with intensity.
102:48
Fue muy duro para la RAF, pero como el mando de cazas de la RAF logró sortear esa tormenta, eso indicó que los alemanes no iban a ganar.
102:56
Por eso el 15 de septiembre se celebra como el día de la batalla de Gran Bretaña.
103:03
De vez en cuando puedes ir caminando por las colinas más allá de Canterbury y puedes encontrarte unas pequeñas cruces, unos lugares bien cuidados.
103:15
which are a constant record of a pilot of a hurricane or a Spitfire who lost his life. The Battle of Gran Bretaña was there. The gratitude of each house in our island, in our Imperium,
103:38
It is directed to all British pilots who, without taking into account the possibilities in contra and lost by their constant challenges and mortals, changed the world war with their will and their devotion. Never in the field of human conflict would be due so much to so few.
104:33
It was in September of 1940, with the spring of autumn crossing the canal, the days shorting, the famous British winter on the way, when Hitler decided that he could not invade Great Britain that year. He decided to abandon the military attack against the RAF and start to bombard the Londres. It was so dangerous to go out of the day that the Germans decided to attack at night.
104:59
This attack on London was the beginning of what was known as Blitz.
105:24
When the Blitz began, London suffered 57 consecutive nights of bombardment. Let's think about it for a second. It seemed like it was a terminal.
105:43
The British remember the time when they were in front of the front line. When there were men, women and children hiding in the refugies while the German bombs fell on them night after night. The whole city was destroyed, enormous flames of fire, precious historic places destroyed. 20.000 British killed by the German bombs in the end of the 1940s.
106:14
Tuvieron muchos problemas para mantener a mi abuelo a salvo porque siempre tuvo una gran valentía.
106:25
Tenía que estar en el refugio antiaéreo, pero estaba en el tejado para horror de los demás.
106:43
The experience of spending nights in the floors under fire, without more protection than a metal casket, soon became habitual.
106:57
I felt, with a mental fatigue, the profound feeling of pain and suffering that traveled the biggest capital of the world.
107:06
The civil population was under siege in London.
107:12
He was very prepared to follow the bridge and say, you've got to come here, but you won't reach further. And he was willing to go for it. He was walking by the streets.
107:35
Evaluando los daños, tomándose tazas de té con la gente que había perdido sus casas en el Blitz, que había perdido a seres queridos, Churchill proyectaba una imagen de tranquilidad y determinación.
107:50
Tenía la rara habilidad de entender el poder de su propia narrativa y cómo crear una marca a su alrededor. Y son esos símbolos por los que le recuerda a la gente, el sombrero, el puro, el bulldog, la voz...
108:05
These indiscriminating bombings of London are, of course, part of Hitler's invasion plan.
108:14
What it did, was to light a fire in the British hearts, that would light a lot after all the rest of the conflagrations that caused London were eliminated.
108:33
I'm standing on a rooftop, looking out over London. The lights are swinging over in this general direction now.
108:39
We should let the sound of guns in the immediate vicinity.
108:44
There they are.
108:58
It was an incredibly solid message. A people with the same values, who speak your language, were being bombarded by a horrible person, Adolf Hitler. Winston Churchill knew that perhaps the only one of the world would be the United States. And he had to pay for it.
109:19
He had to pay for it.
109:22
The British Empire was not able to defeat the Nazis. He had to wait. When the bombings began, the idea was to treat them with desdain.
109:30
In the West End, everyone was dedicated to their commercial activities, and they kept eating and sleeping, as always.
109:56
and the dark streets were atestated by a desperate traffic. The people were afraid, thinking that it could be the end of the European order and perhaps the democracy.
110:08
In some way Winston had to keep the nation in functioning through all this.
110:21
to believe that the victory was even possible, that even the survival could be possible.
110:29
Because anyone who looked at a window could not imagine it.
110:39
I was anxious about the lives of the people of London.
110:45
The most part of their inhabitants were staying, sleeping and hiding where they could. How long would it take? How long would it take? How long would it take?
111:18
Thank you.
111:50
you Thank you.
113:29
. .
114:00
Thank you.
114:20
La V de Victoria está poniéndose de moda.
114:23
Todo el departamento de inteligencia está contento.
114:26
Pero, señor, debería darle la vuelta a la mano. ¿Por qué?
114:32
Porque así tiene otra connotación.
114:36
Significa... bueno... Suéltelo.
114:41
¿Y bien?
114:44
Que le den por el culo, señor.
114:47
Oh, sí, ya lo sé.
114:49
It's the message that we should send to Ger Hilder, right? Of course, Prime Minister.
114:54
As you can see here, in Morse, the V is three and one . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
115:14
Very good idea, Mr. Griffin.
115:16
And also, he is German. Pinta the V for all over the country, for all over the world.
115:36
The V is the symbol of the inconquistable will of the occupied territories.
115:45
And a presagio of the destiny that awaits the Nazi tyranny. While the people of Europe continue to cooperate with the invasor, we are sure that its cause will perish and that Europe will be liberated.
116:15
As the year 1940 arrived at its end, we were still alive. The invasion of the island had not been produced. We had only desafiated to the tyranny.
116:29
Gran Bretaña, who many of them gave up for perded, was still fighting. With an astonishment of awe, the state of the subyugated saw that the stars were still shining in the sky.
116:45
There was a new hope in the hearts of hundreds of millions of people. But I was not calm.
117:27
In those turbulent days of 1940, Hitler didn't reduce the pressure on Great Britain. Hitler was not an aspirant to conquer.
117:31
There was no one like him in 1000 years of history. He wanted to destroy the civilization as we know.
117:59
Desde la caída de Francia, Gran Bretaña había estado luchando sola contra los nazis esperando a que el resto del mundo viniera y se enfrentara a ese enemigo.
118:11
Teníamos a los nazis, obviamente, en Europa.
118:15
Y a los japoneses, por supuesto, en el lejano oriente.
118:19
Las batallas eran sangrientas y no todas estaban saliendo bien.
118:24
As they are losing some battles, it is difficult to maintain the moral of the people.
118:26
There was a huge hit britishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishishish
118:54
Gran Bretaña dependía del suministro de alimentos, de materia prima, de armas, de importaciones del extranjero.
119:03
Hitler y su fuerza naval vieron una oportunidad de llenar los mares alrededor de Gran Bretaña con submarinos. Si hundían suficientes barcos de suministros, Gran Bretaña se vería obligada a rendirse.
119:18
Sabemos que será difícil. Suponemos que será larga.
119:22
We will try to resist for death and death.
119:26
Great Britain fought for time and fought for a war for survival.
119:29
Great Britain was an empire, so they had many reserves. But those reserves were gone. We were determined to wait until the end.
119:53
Pero si la asistencia americana quería participar, tendría que llegar pronto.
120:02
Fue poco después de la Primera Guerra Mundial cuando Hitler empezó a mover hilos en Europa. Y la mayoría de los americanos se dijeron, no volveremos a intervenir, no es asunto nuestro.
120:12
This is the environment where Roosevelt faced. He, personally, was not an isolationist, but he knew that he could not be able to do something that he was not willing to do.
120:24
The voice of the people import, and the people gritted very high, and, of course, we don't want to involve ourselves.
120:32
Roosevelt had to manage that and, at the same time, hear another voice that gritted very high, and that voice said, help!
120:41
I shall ask this Congress for greatly increased new appropriations and authorizations.
121:15
The law of payment and arrivals was a brilliant idea of Franklin Roosevelt. He would pay or rent all the material that the British would need to continue fighting, but they wouldn't sell it. They would have to return the goods, the ships, the aircraft and the ammunition as the end of the war.
121:33
America implantó de forma implacable ciertas condiciones para la ley de préstamo y arriendo. En privado, Churchill decía que nos estaban despellejando. Lo que America hizo fue fantástico, pero también muy costoso para el Reino Unido.
121:47
They do not need manpower.
121:51
Le está diciendo al pueblo americano que cuanto más apoyen a sus aliados, menos tendrán que involucrarse directamente.
122:13
Es la antigua versión de no enviaremos efectivos al terreno.
122:18
In fact, Adolf Hitler would say that the United States is neutral, but his neutrality has an English accent.
122:25
Dad us your faith and your blessing. And, with luck, everything will be done.
122:32
Dad us the tools and we'll finish the work. The 10th of January of 1941, Vino a verme un caballero.
122:52
Yo tenía muy claro que se trataba de un enviado del presidente y que tenía una suma importancia para nuestra vida.
123:04
Harry Hopkins era un asesor personal de Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Le asesoraba políticamente. Era un agente de confianza.
123:12
Roosevelt envió a Harry Hopkins a averiguar algunas cosas. ¿Podían los británicos aguantar y van a seguir en guerra?
123:21
Roosevelt tenía que estar seguro de que los británicos no darían un paso atrás.
123:27
They discovered that Hopkins had recelos from Britain for the empire, and Churchill because he considered an imperialist. Therefore, they did everything to convince him. He loved the glamour women, and he loved the entire society. Clementine assured that he would prepare the most delicious food.
123:53
Even with the arrangement of the war, Churchill assured that he always had champagne for drinking.
123:59
Clementine introduced him to her precious mother, Pamela. It was a campaign to seduce his mind, seduce his emotions.
124:10
They brought him to places where they had produced bombarded, to meet the British people and see why his spirit was so resilient.
124:20
Churchill le llevó a la sala de mapas. Le enseñó documentos de alto secreto. Le dio su total confianza a Hopkins.
124:31
Allí estaba él, absolutamente resplandeciente con su refinado conocimiento de la causa, que era la derrota, la destrucción y la muerte de Hitler.
124:45
I'm going to report to the president.
124:47
The British need our help. They need it desperate. They need it now.
124:52
And I'm sure they're going to get it.
124:54
The big change in the opinion of the United States has been influenced greatly by the conduct of the londinians and the men and women of our peoples when they face the enemy bombardment.
125:15
al rememorar el incesante tumulto de la guerra, no recuerdo ningún periodo en el que su estrés y la aparición de tantos problemas me afectaran más que durante la primera mitad de 1941.
125:52
If the enemy had persisted, the Atlantic battle would have been more reigned than what it was.
125:56
When the German attacks began to reduce, Churchill realized that Hitler planned something else. In 1941, Hitler had a great decision to take. Would you follow the British to finish the job?
126:07
Or would you go to the East to carry out what he believed was his destiny?
126:25
Nuestros informes de inteligencia revelaron en gran detalle el extensivo movimiento de tropas alemanas hacia los estados balcánicos.
126:35
Para mí, eso iluminaba el escenario oriental como una gran pencala. Traté de encontrar alguna manera de advertir a Stalin y al hacerle tomar conciencia del peligro, el mensaje fue breve y críptico y esperaba que este hecho ...le llamara la atención y le hiciera reflexionar.
127:02
Stalin había estado en una alianza, o al menos en un pacto de no agresión, con Hitler desde 1939, y los dos se habían repartido Polonia.
127:10
Churchill escribió a Stalin, pero Stalin no respondió. Era suspicaz.
127:16
En su opinión, Churchill estaba intentando incitarle a un conflicto contra Hitler.
127:22
Los malos no siempre son inteligentes.
127:25
Ni los dictadores tienen siempre razón.
127:39
En junio de 1941 Hitler rompió el pacto que tenía con la Unión Soviética y decidió invadirla.
127:47
El mundo entero se sorprendió con la invasión alemana de la Unión Soviética. Habían sido aliados hasta horas antes de la invasión.
127:56
Hitler is a evil monster, insaciable in his blood and saqueos.
128:05
He is not happy with having a whole Europe.
128:11
Now, this blood-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust-lust.
128:25
The 22nd of June of 1941, almost 3,3 million Germans, in a front of 3.200 km, invaded the Soviet Union. The first day, the Soviet Union, one of the largest in the world, was destroyed. In the first week, they captured 350.000 men. It was a colossal disaster. And that caused a dilemma to Churchill.
128:53
What extent did he support the Soviet Union?
128:59
He was a big critic of the Soviet Union and of Stalin.
129:04
Churchill compared the importation of communism with the importation of a virus.
129:13
If Hitler had invaded the hell, I, as a minimum, would try to mention something good about the devil in the Cámara of the Comunes.
129:22
Churchill took immediately the decision to completely ally with Russia, which was a 180 degrees for him.
129:30
Although Churchill was a fan of communism, he recognized the strategic importance of the phrase, the enemy of my enemy is my friend.
129:48
Los soviéticos habían comenzado a evacuar Moscú. Había una gran preocupación de que estos se hundieran y perdieran la guerra.
129:57
Hay un montón de cartas en las que Churchill suplica ayuda a Roosevelt. Pedía una reunión de los cabezas de Estado.
130:07
Pensaba en la incipiente batalla.
130:10
Tenía el gran deseo de reunirme con el señor Roosevelt.
130:15
with whom he had established correspondence with a growing intimacy. It was a matter of concerting a meeting between Roosevelt and I, and in some way, in some place, soon.
130:25
And then, in August of 1941, Roosevelt offered to reunirse in secret in the sea in two battles.
130:39
Winston Churchill y Franklin Delano Roosevelt se reunirían por primera vez cara a cara en Terranova.
130:45
Estaban cruzando una zona de guerra. Era muy peligroso. Había submarinos alemanes, pero Churchill tenía que intentar involucrar a América en la guerra contra Alemania.
131:02
El primer día, a bordo de su barco, celebraremos un almuerzo privado.
131:08
So I'll try to evaluate his disposition to enter the war. He seems to have all the intention to do it, but... what will he do finally?
131:19
Churchill spent a lot of time planning the reunion. He needed to find the way to get to Roosevelt's heart, to capture his emotions towards the British struggle.
131:33
For what I understand, it is difficult to predict what he will do or not Roosevelt. The caricaturists of America describe it as a esfinge.
131:42
Yes.
131:44
And of me depends on his intentions. You will be Roosevelt and I will be... Well, I will.
132:00
Bienvenido a bordo, Prime Minister. Sí, sí, dejémonos de formalismos. Bien, Buck, probemos esto.
132:09
Señor Presidente, prefiero tener una declaración de guerra y nada de suministros durante seis meses que todos los suministros que pueda enviarme y ninguna declaración.
132:26
Solo puedo prometerle que le apoyaré in the way possible.
132:32
Give me something more than that, Puck. What would he say? What would he say about the Congress? What would he say about his stupid leyes of neutrality?
132:41
What would he need, Mr. President, to declare the war?
132:46
As you know, Prime Minister, it is the Congress who declare the war. And the Congress is chosen by the people.
132:56
And the people are not ready. Damn it, Puck! That's an infernal answer.
133:01
I only do the answer that I think would give him. Yes, and I think you're right. I'm sorry, Prime Minister. That's very evasive. It's a stupid job to change people's opinion. I think he's trying to convince them, but the American islanders believe that there's nothing worse than the war.
133:20
I'll tell you what's worse. La esclavitud es peor que la guerra. El deshonor es peor que la guerra. ¿Nuestro querido amigo Roosevelt solo sigue la opinión pública o la forma él?
133:58
Churchill acude a ese encuentro con muchísimas esperanzas.
134:02
Para él, el hecho de que el presidente hubiera solicitado la reunión era una señal de que América y la Casa Blanca estaban a punto de dar un cambio significativo.
134:13
Para Churchill se trataba de evaluar a Roosevelt como persona.
134:18
Eran políticos, recuerdan, tenían que conocerse.
134:22
Trabajaban por sensaciones, debían conocer a la gente. Y verse cara a cara era una forma de que ambos hombres comprendieran el carácter y la resiliencia del otro.
134:39
Ningún hombre ha estudiado hasta el más mínimo capricho de su amante, como hice yo con los del presidente Roosevelt.
134:51
It's important that we manifest the objectives of this war. Why we fight?
134:56
When we say we fight, it almost makes me think that maybe... America is neutral and will continue to be so. Although I try to convince the Congress, I doubt that we will discuss it for months. But we must manifest what we defend. The freedom.
135:17
La libertad ante el miedo, la libertad frente a la necesidad, libertad de religión y, por supuesto, la libertad de autodeterminación de todos los pueblos.
135:30
Autodeterminación, por supuesto.
135:34
Pero deberíamos discutir qué significa eso.
135:36
Ya sabe qué significa. No podemos decir que apoyamos la democracia y seguir aferrándonos a las colonias cuando todo esto termine.
135:54
I'll show my team some ideas that will surely align with them. Splendid. What Churchill expected was that America would enter the war.
136:03
That, of course, didn't happen. Now, tell me, how did he get out of secret?
136:22
Debe ser una buena historia.
136:26
Para la prensa americana, estoy en un viaje de pesca en el yate presidencial.
136:42
While they were there, Roosevelt only spoke about the Atlantic Carta.
136:45
The Atlantic Carta was a declaration according to which the democracies were working together to face the dictatorship. It was a declaration of human rights. When I saw that dense congregation of luchadores who spoke the same language,
137:12
que profesaban la misma fe, que tenían los mismos derechos fundamentales y los mismos ideales, pensé que aquí estaba la única esperanza, pero también una esperanza segura de salvar el mundo de un inconmensurable deterioro.
137:32
Churchill saw that he had to accept that initiative of the president, even though, of course, it raised many doubts about the future of the British Empire. Churchill came from the Atlantic to a certain point, deceitful. America cannot remain alone.
137:58
Si 1942 empieza con Rusia derrotada y Gran Bretaña sola de nuevo, pueden surgir todo tipo de peligros.
138:12
America se mueve hacia la guerra, pero aún va demasiado despacio para Churchill y para el gobierno británico.
138:21
Piensen, en el otoño de 1941, Churchill y Roosevelt se reunieron en el mar. Emitieron un gran comunicado, se llevaron de maravilla. ¿Y luego qué?
138:38
Churchill seguía luchando la guerra solo.
138:42
Y los Estados Unidos seguían al otro lado del Atlántico.
138:45
Y entonces intervino la historia.
138:54
Lo que tenemos que hacer es liberar Libia.
139:00
El resto nos seguirán. Ataques de Japón sobre las bases de la Marina Americana en el Pacífico.
139:07
La primera declaración dice que la base naval de Pearl Harbor y otros objetivos navales y militares de la isla hawaiana de Oahu han sido atacados desde el aire.
139:18
¿Lo he oído bien? ¿Ha habido un ataque contra América en el Pacífico? Si fuera cierto... ¡Soyers! ¡Soyers! ¿Puedes venir, por favor? ¿Teníais la BBC en la cocina?
139:31
Sí, señor. Siempre la escuchamos.
139:33
¿Dónde atacaron los japoneses?
139:35
Una base naval americana en Hawái, señor. Pearl Harbor.
139:39
Eso es.
139:41
Declararé la guerra a Japón de inmediato. Winston no puede declarar la guerra en base a una transmisión de radio. Necesita algún tipo de confirmación. Tú eres el embajador americano, Jill. Consígueme esa confirmación. Deme un momento.
139:53
Los americanos ya están en guerra.
139:59
Winston.
140:02
Un amigo quiere hablar con usted.
140:12
I ask the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attacked a state of war
140:42
has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire.
140:52
Churchill era un gran estratega y vio la situación con gran claridad en el momento exacto. Sabía que América no solo estaría en guerra contra Japón, sino que se había visto arrastrada a un conflicto global que ahora pasaría a ser la Segunda Guerra Mundial, les gustara o no.
141:18
A date which one will live
141:51
A finales del mes de diciembre, Churchill estaba en Washington para decidir la gran estrategia de toda la guerra.
142:01
Roosevelt invitó a Churchill a alojarse en la Casa Blanca esas Navidades.
142:06
La presencia de Churchill en la Casa Blanca se sintió inmediatamente.
142:12
Churchill no era, estilísticamente, del gusto de Eleanor.
142:18
Llegó con un albornoz y sus piernecillas rosas y estuvo acosando a Roosevelt y a Eleanor Roosevelt, intentando tomar decisiones.
142:29
Ella pensaba, este tipo se ha colado en la Casa Blanca sin ningún tipo de decoro alguno, permitiendo que el presidente lo vea desnudo mientras se baña y bebiendo desde la mañana hasta la noche.
142:42
Tenía una gran capacidad para beber alcohol.
142:46
Uno de sus coetáneos dijo que Winston Churchill no podía haber sido alcohólico porque ningún alcohólico era capaz de beber tanto.
142:54
Debo confesar que mi mente conservó una vaga impresión de esos días.
143:02
Churchill llegó con todo su equipo y tomó la segunda planta de la Casa Blanca. Se alojó en la Sweet Rose y vació de muebles la sala Monroe para instalar la sala de mapas.
143:13
Eleanor dijo, son como dos niños jugando con sus mapas, pero Roosevelt quería lo mismo y por eso construyó una sala de mapas en la Casa Blanca.
143:22
Esos dos hombres encontraban cierto placer en su compañía mutua que hacía que las dificultades de la guerra y la diplomacia fueran un poco más suaves.
143:35
Fue una temporada extraordinaria.
143:39
I felt a very intense affect by this formidable politician who imposed his will during almost 10 years in the US political policy, and whose heart seemed to respond to many of the impulses that agitated me.
144:00
On December 26th of 1942, Churchill went to the Congress, which was a tremendous honor.
144:10
He was the third American citizen in being invited to go to a joint session of Congress.
144:15
He was quite nervous.
144:19
Churchill needed to convince the Americans to adopt the politics of Germany I and fight a war in two fronts.
144:28
There was a lot of people in the United States who said Germany didn't have bombarded, it was Japan, we should go for them. The politics of Germany I considered Germany the biggest threat.
144:39
It's an honor to have invited me to the Senate Senate. I can't avoid thinking that if my father had been estadounidense and my mother was british, instead of the contrary, he could have arrived here.
145:09
Churchill used one of the best discourses of his career to try to convince the American people to support this war.
145:19
Now that our two considerable nations, each one in their perfect unity, have united their forces towards a common goal, opens a new stage, in which a firm light will shine more and more. Many people have been surprised ...de que Japón, en un solo día, se haya embarcado en una guerra... ...contra los Estados Unidos y el Imperio Británico. ¿Qué tipo de gente creen que somos?
145:50
Es posible que no se den cuenta... ...de que jamás cesaremos de perseverar contra ellos... ...hasta que hayan aprendido una lección... ...que ni ellos ni el mundo lograrán olvidar jamás.
146:05
El lenguaje utilizado por Winston Churchill... ...ayudó a romper el aislacionismo de los Estados Unidos.
146:10
Churchill was equal to the American people, and his sincerity allowed people to trust him.
146:18
I think America loved Churchill more than he loved Inglaterra.
146:22
People believed in the person much earlier than in the cause.
146:29
For me, the best news of all of them is that the United States, united as they had never been, The American participation has not changed the war from one day to another.
147:03
We have a Japón very militarized in the far east. We also have a Great Britain fighting in North Africa and in the Middle East.
147:16
The escalation of the massacre was increased from one week to another. It was the highest rate of losses we had suffered until then.
147:32
Churchill returned to Washington in June of 1942 for a second conference with Roosevelt. Churchill proposed to attack the power of the Eje, through Africa North and then Italy, in a Mediterranean strategy, which he believed would be a series of quick victories to restore moral after the losses they had suffered.
147:56
Churchill estaba sentado en el despacho oval cuando recibió las noticias de la caída de Tobruk. 30.000 hombres habían sido capturados. La noticia se la dio Roosevelt.
148:09
Tobruk ha caído, la gran fortaleza de África del Norte. Hubo un momento en el que el rostro de Churchill se hundió de tal modo que provocó una reacción compasiva por parte del presidente Roosevelt.
148:23
He said, what can we do to help? At the same time, Stalin also had problems.
148:31
The Germans continued advancing in all fronts in Stalingrad.
148:54
Hay quien decía que para derrotar a Alemania, Gran Bretaña dio tiempo, América dio dinero y Rusia dio sangre.
149:07
Stalin quería la apertura de un segundo frente en Francia lo antes posible porque eso le quitaría presión al ejército rojo.
149:15
La Unión Soviética decía que la forma más rápida de poner fin a la guerra era desembarcando en Europa y yendo hacia Berlín.
149:21
But Roosevelt decided to discreate with his generals. He put in agreement with Churchill and what ended up becoming the Operation Africa del Norte.
149:42
Another important aspect of the conference were the first conversations about the Manhattan Project, the nuclear project. Churchill loved all types of technology that could improve the army and the marina.
150:01
even before Albert Einstein thought about nuclear technology.
150:07
Churchill wrote articles about how a single bomb could destroy a city.
150:12
The death is atent, obedient, expectant, ready to end with people in mass.
150:23
Ready, if needed, to purify, without hope of reparation, what remains of civilization.
150:32
Could it be possible that a small orange bomb could destroy a city of a single attack? The British government was exploring the idea that a bomb atomic bomb was factible.
150:42
Britain was in front of the United States, but they realized that they could not get it by their own, and they were associated with the Americans.
151:00
Churchill y Roosevelt estaban de acuerdo.
151:05
Ambos hombres sabían que el primer bando que consiguiera la bomba atómica ganaría la guerra.
151:13
Dijeron, tenemos que combinar nuestros recursos. Es posible que Alemania ya hubiera tomado ese camino y era una carrera. Así que todo el trabajo intelectual y el talento del que disponían los británicos se incorporaron al proyecto Manhattan.
151:26
Churchill and Roosevelt remembered that they shared the technology and that no one would destroy the weapon without consulting the other. The significance of all of that was the proximity of the alliance at that moment, its intimacy.
151:44
Inglaterra, that had many other concerns, it now passed the witness to the United States.
152:08
En noviembre de 1942 comenzó la Estrategia Mediterráneo I. Empezó la Operación Torch en África del Norte, en la que los alemanes se retiraron hacia el oeste.
152:26
Tal y como dijo Churchill, tal vez África del Norte no fuera el comienzo del fin, pero era el fin del comienzo.
152:34
Debemos decidir lo antes posible...
152:37
the best way to attack Germany in Europe with all our strength in 1943. They were in Casablanca, which was at the doors of where all the action had produced in Africa.
152:48
Having Roosevelt and Churchill in Africa was a sign that the allies were a force to have in mind.
152:55
Stalin was not in Casablanca.
153:07
What he did from the distance was to keep applying all the pressure possible to open a second front in Western Europe as possible.
153:16
An attempt to cross the Canal of the Mancha in 1943 would have caused a great victory. Just embarking in Sicily and Italy, we would attack the enemy at large scale and defeat, at least at least the nation more débil in the region.
153:36
Churchill continued to propose more peripheral operations. Anything else to avoid a potential cataclysm in the Canal of the Mancha.
154:01
Several American strategists had serious doubts about the strategic vision of Winston Churchill. And it seems to be easy to understand why. Churchill had been responsible for the disaster in Gallipoli.
154:18
He didn't have a great reputation, honestly, as a strategist. And not only for the American generals. Many British generals thought exactly the same.
154:32
Winston Churchill era un gran defensor del ver para creer. Creaba una imagen del futuro que otros eran incapaces de ver y parte de lo que hacen los líderes es llevar a la gente donde no pueden ir por ellos mismos.
154:42
Querida Clemmie, estamos haciendo todo lo que deseaba y he propuesto.
154:47
He visto al presidente constantemente y hemos almorzado juntos casi siempre.
154:54
Hemos ganado en África del Norte, así que por supuesto vamos a Sicilia. Creo que Churchill era muy persuasivo.
155:02
Las decisiones estratégicas de los dos primeros años de la guerra conjunta representaban el punto álgido de la influencia de Churchill.
155:12
De momento Roosevelt se ponía de parte de Churchill.
155:16
Al final de la conferencia de Casablanca, Churchill convenció a Roosevelt para que viajara con él a la ciudad de Marrakech.
155:24
The President and I talk a lot about work, although we also talk about small importance, enjoying the wonderful sunrise on the nieves of the Cordillera of Atlas.
155:37
Imagine being in that tower with the sun, with the President of the United States and the Prime Minister of Gran Bretaña, who are driving the democracy forces against the Third Reich.
155:53
They were, in many ways, in the pinnacle, not only of the temporal power, but in the pinnacle of their friendship, after which things would be complicated.
156:18
Churchill estaba muy interesado en luchar en el Mediterráneo para proteger su imperio colonial.
156:25
Para Winston Churchill, eso suponía mantener el canal de Suez abierto para poder llegar a nuestras colonias.
156:32
El Mediterráneo era la principal arteria en las comunicaciones del imperio colonial.
156:44
Los japoneses estaban bombardeando Calcuta, la capital de Bengala, y tenían submarinos en la bahía de Bengala.
156:54
Al mismo tiempo, les azotó un gran tifón.
157:01
Los resultados fueron reservas de alimentos increíblemente bajas y se produjeron múltiples advertencias, incluso desde las autoridades británicas en India, de que se necesitaba ayuda alimentaria.
157:14
Los lugares a los que habíamos llevado arroz en el pasado para aliviar la hambruna, incluyendo Malasia y Burma, Tailandia, estaban bajo el control de los japoneses. La marina japonesa estaba allí, así que resultaba increíblemente difícil introducir arroz desde fuera de la India.
157:37
Preguntaban a Gran Bretaña, ¿podéis enviarnos trigo? ¿podéis enviarnos apoyo? Y la respuesta de Gran Bretaña era no.
157:44
Churchill no provocó la hambruna, pero pudo haberla impedido si hubiera redistribuido los excedentes de comida del resto de países a la India. Canadá, que también era parte de la Commonwealth británica en aquella época, se ofreció a enviar comida a India y Churchill se lo impidió.
158:01
Y es realmente importante que recordemos que se trata de ciudadanos británicos. Son responsabilidad de Gran Bretaña.
158:09
Churchill thought that there was a priority to the troops that were fighting to protect the Empire.
158:15
Because if the Japanese had traveled the defense and captured India, it would have caused the death of 50 millions of Indian citizens.
158:25
The priority of Churchill should have been to preserve the sovereignty and integrity of Great Britain and his empire, and his failure cost, according to the calculation, three millions of lives in Bengal.
158:37
that at that time, when Great Britain was liberating a existential war to defeat the Nazis, that they were killing millions of people, was a really problematic part of their legacy.
158:54
If we want to reduce the destruction and ruin that this war is extending, No podemos permitirnos relajar ni una sola fibra de nuestro ser.
159:12
En verano de 1943, 180.000 aliados desembarcarían utilizando 2.000 barcos en el sur y en el este de Sicilia.
159:25
En el siguiente mes y medio capturarían la isla.
159:31
Aunque Italia se rindió, los alemanes se defenderían con uñas y dientes al ir ascendiendo por la península italiana y costaría muchas vidas y tiempo.
159:53
Churchill se había centrado en Italia y no iba bien.
159:59
Personalmente, I think we've given Hitler the opportunity of an alarmist attack.
160:06
That's why they decided that Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill should reunirse.
160:21
The conference in Teherán would be the first time, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin in the same place.
160:29
Tres de las personas más poderosas del mundo se iban a reunir cara a cara. Era un proyecto importante.
160:36
Resultaba esencial que los tres grandes coordinaran ataques importantes tanto en el este como en el oeste para asegurarse de que los nazis luchaban en dos frentes.
160:50
Roosevelt esperaba utilizar Teherán para mejorar sus relaciones con Stalin.
160:55
It was something that slightly offended Churchill, because he had a fantastic work relationship with Roosevelt.
161:06
And he was afraid that the British army and Russians began to approach themselves.
161:11
Meanwhile, Roosevelt was looking for a long-term future, where he knew that the British actions were falling day-to-day, and that the Soviet actions were in an auge.
161:25
As soon as Gran Bretaña used its últimas riquezas and global resources to remain in the war, it became clear that the future would be the alliance between the Soviet Union and the United States.
161:35
The autumn of 1943 came, literally and figuratively, to Roosevelt and Churchill. Winston, don't worry about what I'm going to do. As a result, Churchill felt that they were throwing themselves out of the table.
161:56
Ah, Mariscal Stalin. Por favor, acompáñenos.
162:05
Ahí estaba.
162:07
Con el gran oso ruso a un lado. Con sus tarpas estiradas. Y al otro, con el gran búfalo americano. Y entre los dos, el pobre burro inglés. Que era el único.
162:22
El único de los tres.
162:24
who knew the way back to home.
162:30
First of all, we need to go to France. You have promised me my 44th year. All right.
162:41
Of course, that's our goal. But we have some issues to end in the Mediterranean.
162:50
And we have to talk about other potential uses of the resources before the invasion.
162:56
More attacks towards the north, from Italy, for example.
163:00
This is the second front that you didn't expect.
163:06
With the due respect, I'm not sure, Mariscal Stalin. It will improve our position and will only delay the Overlord one month or two.
163:16
This is not easy.
163:20
Let's do it. I agree with Stalin's mariscal. We will focus our resources in France.
163:27
Do you agree? I don't think that's effective, Franklin.
163:33
Maybe he has been drinking too much champagne for lunch. Do you agree, Winston?
163:43
I agree, but I want to constate... It seems that he lost his siesta.
163:53
For that Stalin started to trust him, Roosevelt started to complain about Churchill, and when Stalin was talking about Churchill, Roosevelt was laughing. It was like a school patio. Mr. President, when the war is over, we must be sure that Germany will not stop again.
164:08
Once again.
164:21
I would like to set up and shoot 50,000 officers of the German General General. What?
164:33
This is indignant! No, it's not possible.
164:37
Great Britain will never allow and participate in such atrocities. Don't make illusions, Marshal Stalin. The British people will never tolerate executions in mass.
164:51
Permitamme mediar. I propose a commitment. Ejecutar only 49.000 men.
165:18
Prefiero pegarme yo mismo un tiro que arrastrar mi honor y el de mi país con tan infamia.
165:31
Si me quitaran ahora la camisa, se vería que tengo la tripa ulcerosa de arrastrarme ante ese hombre. Lo hago por el bien del país y por ningún otro motivo.
165:45
It's really like if bad girls and the C.S. Pam were mixed together, you know? It's hard. It's hard. It's hard. It's hard. Winston Churchill was expulsed from the table of the guys in Turkey.
166:02
Dear, the environment during the lunchtime is great, but the triangular conferences are overwhelming and overwhelming.
166:12
Churchill continued effortlessly in the toma of decisions, but more and more. Churchill and Stalin continued discrepant and in agreement.
166:21
Roosevelt started in a situation where his interests and Churchill were not totally aligned.
166:29
And he had to aplacate Stalin, that he wanted, desesperadamente, to Roosevelt and Churchill to open another war. This began another new phase of the Second World War.
166:41
daba la sensación de que en ese instante Gran Bretaña pasó de ser una gran potencia imperial a una adyacente.
166:53
Para el secretario de Exteriores, nuestros planes actuales para 1944 parecen tener defectos graves.
167:01
Tanto los americanos como los rusos estaban determinados a fijar una fecha para el segundo frente de Francia. Y eso debía ser prioritario antes que cualquier otro tipo de escenario.
167:16
Churchill había estado objetando y dando largas todo el tiempo posible. Además, conocía los riesgos que vendrían de una invasión al otro lado del canal. Y no quería ser responsable de algo así.
167:34
Esto es lo más importante que hayamos intentado. Y no me satisface que aún no hayamos tomado las medidas necesarias para darle toda posibilidad de éxito.
167:48
Winston Churchill conocía los riesgos de un desembarco en Europa.
167:52
Este único esfuerzo hercúleo se concentraría en una línea de costa de 80 kilómetros en Francia.
168:01
If they failed, the war would go back two years. If they did not go completely, why do they take a risk of that?
168:05
When I think in the plains of Normandia, full of deaths of young Americans and British people, and when in my head, I see the red clouds with their blood, I have my doubts.
168:30
Tengo mis dudas.
168:45
Thank you.
169:16
Thank you.
170:22
Oh.
170:54
Thank you.
171:39
Winston. Winston?
172:09
¿No te acuestas?
172:14
Winston.
172:22
¿Te das cuenta de que cuando te despiertes, 20.000 de nuestros jóvenes habrán perdido la vida?
172:48
No rendiremos. La organización de la Operación Overlord fue el acontecimiento y el deber más grande del mundo.
173:04
Tenía grabado en la cabeza el enorme precio que tuvimos que pagar en vidas y sangre humanas por las grandes ofensivas de la Primera Guerra Mundial.
173:15
Churchill aún estaba afligido por Gallipoli. Toda la operación fue un fiasco.
173:21
A medida que la operación Overlord y los desembarcos del DL se iban acercando, comenzó a temer que se produciría un baño de sangre y que se había comprometido a dirigir una operación que iba a ser un desastre.
173:35
Si iban a llevar a cabo Overlord, tendrían que hacerlo con una fuerza aplastante.
173:49
Germany still dominated the European continent. Britain, America and its allies had to put foot on the European coast and start the liberation of Western Europe.
174:16
The entire south of Inglaterra became an immense military camp, full of trained men, trained, trained and willing to face the Germans to the other side of the canal.
174:25
Churchill had always wanted to return to the continent for the force some day, but he didn't want to do it so soon, he wanted to do it when he was 100% sure of the success of the operation.
174:43
Esto no se podía hacer sin estar preparados porque, si no, los alemanes podrían ganar.
174:49
La cuestión era, ¿es la causa tan importante como para arriesgar la vida? Y creo que Winston Churchill llegó a la conclusión de que lo era.
174:59
Seguro que el enemigo se enteraba de que se estaba preparando una gran invasión.
175:05
So we had to disimulate the place and the moment of the attack and make him think we were going to embark on another place and another moment. But there were no places where to do it.
175:17
Calais was the logical option because it was the closest place to Inglaterra. It was where the Germans believed that the allies were going to embark on. But they finally took Normandia.
175:28
We had the best opportunities to reach the coast because the defenses in Calais were immense.
175:33
En tiempos de guerra, la verdad es tan valiosa que siempre debe estar custodiada por un guardaespaldas de mentiras.
175:42
Se les ocurrió un plan de engaño llamado Operación Guardaespaldas.
175:46
Queríamos confundirles con respecto al lugar del desembarco para que no montaran las defensas.
175:52
Churchill had a very active mind. He enjoyed the intrigue of creating different plans.
175:58
There were double-britannians telling the Germans all kinds of nonsense and nonsense about when and where the invasion was going. They made the best general of the United States, the General Patton, to sit in the south of Inglaterra with a false army. There was nothing more than an invisible tank.
176:20
and a ship made with wood.
176:24
Concentraciones simuladas de tropas.
176:27
Flotas de barcos, señuelo.
176:30
Aumento de actividad en las comunicaciones. We use everything.
176:39
General Eisenhower is at the command of the Normandia invasion.
176:43
He had been at the command of the ship in Africa North. He was also superior to the invasion of Sicily. So he had two ships in his favor.
176:54
From the point of view of Eisenhower, they needed a Great Britain as a trampoline for the liberation of the continent. So Churchill had to be well with Eisenhower, and Eisenhower had to be well with Churchill. Here, the politics with the army. I'm sure there is tension.
177:10
Churchill was a military leader, but he didn't direct the operation.
177:16
At that moment, his contribution to the war had already finished. Eisenhower, in a certain way, had to manage Churchill.
177:23
And that is something that nobody did. To keep under control a personality like Churchill is not easy.
177:33
The decision is taken, Prime Minister. Let's continue with the plan.
177:38
He felt that we were in one of the points of the war. As soon as the day of the day, the tension increased.
177:46
Eisenhower threatened to make sure that the President Roosevelt continued to agree with him, and not with the war plan of Churchill.
177:57
Roosevelt defeated Eisenhower, and at the end Winston Churchill had to defeat Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
178:04
At that moment, Americans were basically at the front of the situation. Great Britain was not the superior strategic leader in the Second World War, and America was the one who took the decision.
178:15
At the beginning of the war, Roosevelt admired a Churchill in a certain way. He was a man who had confronted Hitler and had become famous.
178:27
But the immense power of the American army implied that Churchill would be the minor socio.
178:37
When they planned the day D in secret, Churchill said that he wanted to be present.
178:45
A man who has to play an important role in taking important and terrible decisions of war can need the adrenaline of the adventure.
178:54
But he also needs the comfort that, when sending so many men to his death, he can share, in a certain way, his risks.
179:05
The fact that he wanted to be always where the action was, he followed throughout his life.
179:11
You know, at his beginning, he loved the battle, I hate to say it, but he loved the battle.
179:20
The adrenaline of his actions in the South Africa has never been abandoned.
179:32
He should be there. He should be aboard that ship as soon as the attack begins. The biggest invasion in the history of the world, and I'm trapped here. It's because of the king.
179:44
I'm afraid I agree with the king.
179:47
El país no puede permitirse que pierdas la cabeza en la batalla.
179:52
Bastante la pierdes aquí.
179:53
Pero no debería interferir.
179:55
No fue solo él. Eisenhower tampoco quería que fueras.
179:58
Pero el rey tomó la decisión, ¿verdad? Si quisiera, tendría derecho a ir. Pero él sabía que no tengo el valor de rechazar un mandato real.
180:06
Si significa algo para ti, me alegra que no estés en un barco a punto de ser bombardeado.
180:12
I suppose that everything is wrong. And if we're wrong with the calculations, and if we're on the coast, and if we're on the beach like in Gallipoli, I need to be there.
180:23
Are you, Winston? What do you mean?
180:25
You'd be a mero spectator. They need you here, with the people. There are their children, their wives, their parents.
180:33
Who will talk to them if you don't do it?
180:35
I'll answer everything.
180:40
Supongo que no te subirías en un barco hacia Francia con eso puesto.
180:46
Podría si quisiera.
180:53
Gracias.
180:56
Me voy a la sala de mapas, ellos deberían saber algo.
181:01
You can imagine the general Eisenhower. The last thing I would like is the first minister of the United States to be able to present in person the event.
181:09
There is an incredible correspondence between him and the king of George VI. The king of the king had to go to his position and Churchill had to obey.
181:44
The 6th of June of 1944 was the most important day of the 20th century. Democracy was red. Churchill had experience with this type of operations. If it went wrong, there would be no second attempt in a long time. Could happen anything.
182:10
He was worried about what he called the flower of the British and American youth, and they would die in the waters of the French coast, with the red rain on the blood of those young people.
182:22
The battle, he has continued, will grow in scale and intensity for several weeks, and I will not try to speculate on its result. There was a lot of excitement for the boats in France, Everyone knew that they were taking place in that moment.
182:45
There were attacks on the ground. There was a great concentration of naval power. The troops were well trained. They had done everything so that it was a success.
183:05
Gracias a las operaciones de engaño, los alemanes no sabían dónde ni cuándo llegarían y estaban confundidos.
183:23
Los aliados pudieron establecer esa cabeza de playa antes de que los nazis reaccionaran.
183:31
They assumed that there would be significant losses in the beaches. In fact, despite the aggressive battles, especially in the Omaha, one of the American beaches, the desembarkes went well.
183:43
The allies gathered their efforts there and finally passed. The day D was an incredible success.
184:01
Now we have set up the day of success and the success of that operation.
184:07
A defeat in Normandy in 1944 could have prolonged the war and have significated the end for the administration of Churchill and Roosevelt. After the invasion of Normandy, Winston Churchill would be there personally.
184:26
Churchill quería estar cerca de la acción, por supuesto, como siempre. No podía estar lejos de esto.
184:33
Fue a felicitar a todos los hombres que llevaron a cabo el desembarco, incluido el general Montgomery, el principal comandante británico.
184:41
Montgomery también tenía su ego, pero creo que Churchill no invertía mucho tiempo preocupándose por el ego de los que estaban por debajo de él.
184:50
There is an anecdote in which Churchill offered a cup to Montgomery, and Montgomery was abstemious and said, I don't drink any water, I'm in shape 100%. Churchill said, I drink and drink, I'm in shape 200%. So we have a lot of the competitive personality of Winston Churchill.
185:23
Paris is free.
185:25
The people of Paris rose to meet their liberators.
185:29
Rápidamente había muchos más americanos luchando en Europa Occidental que británicos. Como resultado, Churchill se sintió ligeramente apartado de la mesa principal.
185:38
Las únicas veces en las que discuto con los americanos son cuando no nos dan suficientes oportunidades para ganarnos la gloria.
185:47
Mi deseo siempre ha sido repartirla de forma equitativa. Pero, ¿cómo se puede hacer eso contra una nación tan poderosa con una población que triplica la nuestra?
185:59
La parte que está Armando suele ser la más fuerte. Dwight Eisenhower era el general a cargo de liberar a Europa de Hitler.
186:10
Probablemente porque éramos el perro más grande de la perrera.
186:18
When the Allies began to liberate the continent in 1944, it was when Winston Churchill had the existence of Auschwitz.
186:31
It was through the Oficina of Externals and some Polish people who brought the news to the Occident.
186:42
The Prime Minister to the Secretary of Externals.
186:46
No cabe duda de que este es, probablemente, el mayor y más horrible crimen cometido en la historia del mundo.
186:56
Y ha sido llevado a cabo por una maquinaria científica.
187:03
Debemos hacer declaraciones públicas para que todo aquel relacionado con ello sea perseguido y ejecutado.
187:15
Mucha gente ha criticado a Churchill por no hacer más cuando quedó claro que esos campos de concentración no eran meros lugares de degradación, humillación, esclavitud, sino también lugares de ejecución, de asesinato industrial. Y empezaron a conocerse a principios de los años 40.
187:33
El problema era qué hacer al respecto.
187:36
Mucha gente decía que se deberían bombardear los campos de concentración para intentar liberarlos.
187:43
Y Churchill le dijo a Anthony Eden, su secretario de Asuntos Exteriores, y cito, pide lo que quieras a las fuerzas aéreas y nómbrame si fuera necesario. Era un asunto prioritario para él.
187:53
Pero quedaba la duda de la precisión. ¿Se podían bombardear las cámaras de gas? ¿Acabarían bombardeando los barracones y matando a los presos judíos también? El modo de acabar con este holocausto era poniendo fin a la guerra lo antes posible.
188:07
Ese era el principal argumento.
188:10
Es una de esas difíciles decisiones morales que se toman durante la guerra y una que se puede cuestionar incluso hoy en día.
188:21
Hablamos mucho sobre el día de 1944. Lo que la gente no recuerda es que la Unión Soviética lanzó, según algunos parámetros, el mayor ataque de la historia de la guerra en el frente oriental a la vez. En el transcurso de un mes, infligieron medio millón de bajas en el ejército alemán.
188:42
They attacked from the East, while their allies embarked on the East. The Soviet Union made great progress in the East.
188:50
The Oriental Europe, Poland, the Balkans could fall under the Soviet control. So, who would come to Berlin? The amount of territory taken by the way would take place to the world after the war.
189:03
Considero de suma importancia que lleguemos a un acuerdo con los rusos en cuanto a los países del Este. No se me ocurre en ningún otro momento en el que el peso de la guerra haya recaído tanto sobre mis hombros.
189:18
Churchill no quería ser el primer ministro que supervisara el desmantelamiento del Imperio Británico, pero básicamente tuvo que hipotecar el Imperio para sobrevivir cuando Gran Bretaña luchaba sola contra los nazis esperando la llegada del resto del mundo.
189:33
Gran Bretaña empezaba a tomar un papel secundario. El que era antaño el imperio más poderoso del mundo se estaba convirtiendo en una mera isla. ¿Habría un nuevo mundo en el que todo sería la Unión Soviética contra los Estados Unidos y el resto seríamos meros espectadores? Era una pastilla que le resultaba difícil de tragar a este imperialista victoriano.
189:53
The relationship between Churchill and Roosevelt began to freeze in the autumn of 1944.
190:00
Churchill felt that the two superpowers were the ones who took all decisions, Stalin and Roosevelt.
190:06
Churchill said to me, don't forget about me. The rest of the war was a constant effort for his part to try to defend the British point of view and his personal view of how the world should be after the war.
190:25
In the summer of 1944, Churchill went to Moscow to reunirse with Stalin. He had put his head on the idea of what he called the sphere of influence. Where was the sphere of influence britain and where was the sphere of influence soviet? I am the leader of a strong and strong nation.
190:39
Even so, every morning when I wake up, my first thought is how can I complace President Roosevelt Y el segundo es, ¿cómo puedo aplacar al mariscal Stalin?
190:58
Churchill lleva esto a cabo sin Roosevelt ni ninguna representación americana oficial en esta negociación.
191:04
Creía que la historia la escribían los grandes hombres, y según su punto de vista, serían hombres sentados alrededor de una mesa trazando líneas.
191:18
I think these percentages are just and reasonable. Do you agree?
191:28
Thank you, Joseph.
191:31
Churchill calls this group the percentage agreement.
191:38
Gran Bretaña controlará esto y vosotros controlaréis esto otro. Era el modo de Churchill de demostrar que no pretendía convertirse en una potencia débil después de la guerra, subordinada a los Estados Unidos, ni abandonaba su aspiración de mantener la fuerza del Imperio Británico.
191:58
Tal vez deberíamos quemar esto. Después de todo, estamos decidiendo el destino de millones de personas.
192:09
No, it's tough to.
192:13
I think Paul was called the stupid document, because Churchill knew that they should not do anything.
192:19
It was immensely cynical. The countries like Romania and Bulgaria would be dominated by the Russians. Greece would have saved Greece. The name of the people who saved Greece.
192:29
It was considered the salvage of the country.
192:36
But there were other things, like the Balkans and other parts of the Oriental Europe, that he had to concede. He had several conversations with the old Oso.
192:46
The more I see, the better I see. I'm sure he wants to collaborate with us. But I also have to keep informed of the President
193:05
And this is the delicate part.
193:14
The Germans are left in the west. The Red Army is moving towards the east.
193:20
It gave the feeling that the end was at the end.
193:32
At the end of 1944, the three allies have to discuss in person at the end of the war. Stalin doesn't want to abandon his borders. He's terrorized to fly, he's terrorized to leave his security team, and only will reunirse in the border of the Soviet Union. Churchill and Roosevelt will go to the Soviet Union to reunirse with him.
193:56
The Soviet Union is devastated after a considerable struggle in the oriental front, so one of the few places they can use is Yalta, in the Middle East.
194:07
Es un ejemplo perfecto de lo que es la Unión Soviética. A primera vista todo parece estar bien, pero si te fijas bien de cerca verás que todo es muy distinto a lo que ves en principio. La realidad es que era un desastre. El palacio estaba lleno de chinches. Las chinches llenaron la cama de Winston Churchill y le mordieron los pies durante la noche. Churchill dijo que si se hubieran pasado diez años buscando un sitio, jamás encontrarían uno peor que Yalta, incluso se refiere a esa ciudad como la Riviera del Infierno.
194:37
Estamos entrando en un mundo de imponderables y en cada etapa surgen ocasiones para el autocuestionamiento.
194:49
Las sombras se alargan en Yalta.
194:53
Churchill luego decía que creía que Roosevelt se estaba apagando.
194:59
Roosevelt had managed to win a fourth mandato in the election of 1944, but he didn't find out well. At that time, he suffered a cardiac disease.
195:14
Churchill wrote in a certain moment that our friendship is the rock on which I raised the hope of the world. I think there was a feeling of final, a sense that this long drama was about to reach its end.
195:33
Roosevelt wanted, comprehensively, to save the most part of the American lives possible, involving the Soviet Union in the fight against Japan. They still didn't know if the atomic bomb would be an option, they still worked on it and they had to try it. Also, something very important for Roosevelt was the creation of the United Nations.
195:53
Roosevelt wanted to work, and maybe he was wrong, thinking that Stalin would keep his promises, because he wanted it with all his power.
196:04
Churchill creía que sólo él tenía la inteligencia necesaria para diseñar el mundo de la posguerra. Creía que Roosevelt era preocupantemente ingenuo y liberal. Sabía que a Roosevelt no le gustaba el imperio británico. Así que Churchill no podía permitirse que Roosevelt fuera el arquitecto del mundo de la posguerra.
196:19
Churchill quería que Roosevelt fuera más duro con Stalin. Pero no era con Stalin.
196:28
La Unión Soviética decidió unirse a la ONU.
196:32
La Unión Soviética decidió que iría a la guerra con Japón después de que terminara la guerra en Europa.
196:38
Y acabaron con una promesa por parte de Stalin de conceder la libertad e independencia de Polonia.
196:45
La cuestión fue que Stalin mintió como un bellaco.
196:49
Britain had gone to the war in 1939 to protect Poland from a foreign occupation. That was why Britain met in this horrible war.
196:59
So you would end the war and Stalin would occupy Poland? That was a mess for Churchill.
197:07
The misery of the world me horrorizes. And more and more, I fear that new disputes can arise from those that are coming to their end.
197:22
Winston Churchill escribió a Roosevelt más de 1.000 cartas y telegramas. Y al final Franklin Roosevelt escribiría tal vez unas 800.
197:33
Churchill era definitivamente el pretendiente de la relación.
197:37
Señor presidente, la paz con Alemania y Japón, según nuestros términos, no nos satisfará ni a ti ni a mí.
197:45
Tendremos un mundo destrozado, harapiento y hambriento al que tratar de levantar. ¿Y qué opinará el tío Joe o su sucesor del modo en el que a ambos nos gustaría hacerlo?
197:57
Hay una separación, un enfriamiento.
198:01
Son más bien como un viejo matrimonio que se conoce sus manías mutuas, pero no pueden imaginarse la vida el uno sin el otro.
198:27
To the whole free world, the stunning news has come that Franklin Roosevelt is dead.
198:35
Cuando recibí la noticia a primeras horas de la mañana del viernes 13 sentí como si me hubieran asestado un golpe.
198:45
When the news came about the death of Roosevelt, Churchill gave a fantastic eulogy to the Cámara of the Comunes, recognizing that his friendship had been imperfect, that he had been personal, besides politics.
199:03
My relationship with this brilliant personality had been very important during the long and terrible years in which we worked together. That had ended And it was the feeling of having suffered a deep loss and irreparable.
199:22
Churchill said once, to me Franklin Roosevelt was like opening a bottle of champagne.
199:28
And Roosevelt wrote to Churchill, it's fun to live in the same decade as you. And I think we were lucky that they were in charge when the crisis arrived.
199:43
Hitler took the definitive decision and supreme to remain in Berlin until the end.
199:49
A little later, the capital was completely surrounded by the Russians and the Führer lost all his capacity to control the events.
199:59
The only thing he could do was organize his own death between the ruins of the city. He shot a shot in the mouth.
200:10
Debo decir que fue una muerte de lo más apropiada.
200:17
No tengo ninguna declaración especial sobre la situación de la guerra en Europa, salvo decirles que es muchísimo más satisfactoria de lo que era ahora hace ya cinco años.
200:48
Ayer por la mañana, a las 2.41 am, el representante del alto mando alemán firmó el acta de rendición incondicional.
201:01
Por lo tanto, la guerra contra Alemania se ha terminado.
201:05
Larga vida a la causa de la libertad. Dios salve al rey.
201:17
At the time of the overwhelming victory, he was fully aware of the difficulties and dangers that we expected.
201:49
But here, at least, we could take a moment to enjoy.
201:58
The night of the day of the victory. He was only on the 10th of Downing Street, because Clementine was in Russia, in a kind of official visit. Then he came to the garden to travel with Smokey, his cat.
202:16
Me parece extraordinario que estuviera solo esa noche y que todo su trabajo hubiera dado sus frutos.
202:28
Si los rusos se convencen de que les tenemos miedo y que pueden intimidarnos hasta la sumisión, entonces debo perder las esperanzas en nuestras futuras relaciones con ellos.
202:40
It was clear that the notion of the United Kingdom and the United States about the order of the post-war was different. The Americans had not won in Japan. They had huge goals there. They did not share the horror of Churchill against a possible communist government in the East of Europe.
203:05
Churchill was afraid that Stalin didn't stop the lines of demarcation accorded with them, and he could keep going forward, because there were many troops from the Red Army.
203:19
He is consterned with Stalin. He sees a distopic world where he thinks that the war could continue, and he thinks that there could be a war between the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union.
203:31
I want a plan to make the agreement of Yarta. To give Poland a chance of self-determination.
203:38
We can't face the Russians alone. We've overcome the number.
203:42
Before America leaves, we have to take the initiative. To attack the Soviets?
203:49
That's impossible. I have thought. I want a plan for all contingencies.
203:58
Antes de que sea demasiado tarde.
204:01
A Churchill le presentan un plan muy loco llamado Operación Impensable, en el que la Wehrmacht, el ejército alemán, recibiría de nuevo sus armas tras la derrota y debían utilizarlas para atacar a los ejércitos soviéticos. Un plan chiflado con el que no se sigue adelante, pero que demuestra la situación en la que se encontraba mental y emocionalmente.
204:27
We still have to make sure that the simple and honorable objectives that led us to enter the war, and that the words freedom, democracy and liberation don't lose the true meaning we give them. It would not serve to castigate Hitler's followers for their crimes if some totalitarian or police governments took place of the German invasors.
204:57
As long as the fights ended, Churchill was full of ideas and thoughts about how the aspect of the post-war world would be. But they should face a general election.
205:09
Churchill, the laborer party, said, we are not prepared to continue in a coalition government with you. And you know what? We want power. We have won the war. Well done. We have played a crucial role. But we have a vision for the future and you are not part of it.
205:21
If you think you have already had enough and you should be jubilant me, Os diré que lo asumo con la mayor de las elegancias. Pero debo advertiros, debéis estar preparados para realizar más sacrificios por causas más importantes.
205:39
¿Por qué no pintas?
205:48
Te mereces un descanso.
205:50
Estoy descansando.
205:53
Pero mientras lo hago, no dejan de interrumpirme mis pensamientos.
205:57
Has ganado la guerra.
206:00
Sí.
206:02
Pero ahora que todo se ha terminado en Europa, mi obligación es convocar unas elecciones generales, unas que tal vez no ganen.
206:11
Sabes que la gente te adora. ¿No deberías aprovechar el empujón de la victoria?
206:17
Sí, debería.
206:18
Pues, en ese caso, pintá.
206:35
Las elecciones de 1945 fueron unas elecciones que se habían aplazado por las necesidades de la guerra y se tardaría un tiempo en celebrarlas, ya que había muchísimos soldados diseminados por todo el mundo.
206:51
No is time to go with remilgues in terms of measures, nor to deal with devils governments.
206:59
The Labor Party had one of the best names in history. They said, Felicitad a Churchill, vote to the laborers. Homenagead a Churchill, celebrate the victory, the liberation, the salvation of the country.
207:13
But we are the ones who will bring it to the future. He could have remained against each other. He could have presented himself as a candidate of national unity, a coalition government. However, he embarked on a aggressive and vitriolical campaign against the laborer.
207:27
He said some stupid things were in the campaign. He said that the laborer would instaur a kind of Gestapo, a secret police. Suddenly we're in the fang, we're in the politics of bipartidism. And the British people didn't like it.
207:51
After polling day, Mr. Churchill went away to paint in the south of France. He had fought a strenuous campaign and he took a well-deserved holiday before meeting President Truman and Marshall Stalin in the conference.
208:04
Mientras llegan papeletas de todos los confines del planeta, Churchill va a Boston, a la última conferencia de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
208:14
The Potsdam conference began officially on July 17. On July 16, in a remote area of New Mexico, the world entered into the nuclear era, when the United States successfully tested a plutonium device that resulted in a power and potential destructive superlative.
208:38
The President Truman was in Potsdam, waiting for the beginning of the conference, and then they gave the news, when he only took a few months in the position.
208:50
Churchill told Truman, let me know if it's a failure or a success.
208:55
And Truman replied, a message back.
209:06
Churchill recognized that it would change the destiny of the war.
209:11
The war in the Pacific was continued, and everyone started recognizing that the invasion of Japan was very expensive. Even Winston Churchill thought that there would be a million and a half of bajas, a million of the United States and a half million of the Commonwealth.
209:30
The Manhattan Project gave its fruits. There were many decisions. And now we had an atomic bomb.
209:36
Part of the nuclear agreement stipulated that before detonating any nuclear weapon, Churchill had to give permission.
209:47
Churchill dijo que el acuerdo había sido unánime, incondicional y automático. Creía que debía utilizarse un arma nuclear para cortar la guerra e impedir una costosa invasión del territorio japonés.
210:01
Y creo que era importante para Churchill, por muchos motivos, plantar esa bandera. Era una bomba propulsada por la misma energía que hace que brillen las estrellas por la noche.
210:13
No podía ser un tema exclusivamente americano. Y por eso estuvo más que dispuesto a acceder.
210:24
Churchill tuvo que abandonar Posdum a mitad de conferencia ya que estaba listo el recuento final, así que voló a casa para recibir los resultados de la elección.
210:33
Me desperté repentinamente con una puñalada de un dolor casi físico.
210:38
Conservatives 180. Labour 364.
211:04
In the end, it's the people who decide who governs them. And he proved it. Look at him. He managed to take this country to victory, to salvation in the Second World War. And then, boom, in 1945, they hit the first class.
211:27
The Labour Party's great victory shows that the country is ready for a new policy to face new world conditions.
211:56
Tras cinco años y medio de guerra y dificultades, la gente quería un servicio de salud nacional, quería reconstrucción, rehabilitación.
212:05
Pero, por supuesto, no perdió su habilidad con las palabras, ni siquiera en la derrota. Clementine le dijo, tal vez en el fondo sea una bendición. Y Churchill replicó, bueno, muy en el fondo.
212:20
The perception that had the British British British was very different during the war, when that kind of personality grandilocuente, of man of state, of opinion convinced, was very useful to mobilize and inspire people in a period of great challenges and darkness, but not in times of peace.
212:37
If he had been as popular as it is now in the national imagination, It would be difficult to imagine that any party leader of him would have lost the election, because we have recognized him in such a way that we have converted him into a singular hero.
212:58
I have denied the power of giving form to the future.
213:03
The knowledge and the experience that I have collected, the authority and the goodwill that I have achieved in so many countries, will disappear.
213:14
Perdió el poder. Pero justo antes de que Churchill volviera a Londres para oír los resultados, se emitió la proclamación de Potsdam. Solicitaba la rendición incondicional de Japón. ¿Y si Japón no se rendía?
213:25
¿Qué era la pólvora? Trivial. ¿Qué era la electricidad? Insignificante.
213:45
This atomic bomb is the second event of the evil.
214:23
The bomb brought peace, but only men can maintain that peace.
214:30
And from now on, we will keep it with sanctions that will threaten the survival, not only of civilization, but of humanity. After a long and varied experience, the most valuable advice I can give you is to know how to give the order of not to do anything.
214:57
Someone like Winston Churchill can't be the center of everything to paint himself with tranquility. He was part of his life, but he didn't want to be the entire life. That's why he would never jubile him without more.
215:13
Winston Churchill could not be quiet, he always had a hurry to be in another place.
215:19
Recibió una invitación para dar una charla en la Universidad de Westminster, en Fulton, Missouri, el estado del presidente americano Harry Truman.
215:27
El tren a Jefferson City estará listo pronto, señor. Tiempo suficiente para tratar a estos caballeros de la prensa tal y como merecen. Demetres.
215:35
Una para mí.
215:38
You know, guys, if I was back, there's a country in which I'd like to be a citizen, in which a man knows that he has a free future. Where would you be, Mr. Churchill? United States, although deplore some of your customs.
215:54
What customs would you be? First of all, you've stopped drinking alcohol in the food. I see you.
216:05
Color.
216:06
Trémonos.
216:10
¿De qué irá su discurso, señor?
216:13
No sabía que este era un juego de proletarios.
216:19
Hablaré de la deplorable esfera de influencia de la Unión Soviética.
216:24
De cómo se ha endurecido hasta convertirse en una barrera impenetrable, atrapando a millones de personas en la opresión. Los rusos eran nuestros aliados.
216:33
The name is Belicista.
216:36
It won't be the first time.
216:38
But, gentlemen, I've played this before. I had a reason in 1938. And I have it now.
216:53
From Stettin, in the Baltic, to Trieste, in the Adriatic, a steel steel is installed on the edge of the continent.
217:03
He always was anti-communist. He tries to remind his audience all the things he thinks. Libertad, democracy, freedom of expression, and those things that are now under threat in a sphere dominated by the Soviets. What we have to consider here today
217:20
Mientras aún quede tiempo, es el establecimiento de unas condiciones de libertad y democracia lo antes posible en todos los países.
217:28
Churchill dio el gran discurso del telón de acero que básicamente ponía al bien contra el mal y esa claridad moral enfadaba a la gente.
217:36
Y por supuesto fue atacado de nuevo por ser un belicista, como había sido en los años 30.
217:42
Nuestras dificultades y peligros no desaparecerán por mucho que cerremos los ojos.
217:48
This speech predates what was going to happen, which was the formation of a steel steel in Europe and the arrival of the Cold War.
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A pesar de que se había equivocado muchas veces al principio de su carrera, acertó dos veces, una con la tiranía del nazismo y luego con la del comunismo soviético.
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Mucha gente dice que tenía que haberme retirado tras acabar la guerra y convertirme en un provecto hombre de Estado. Pero ¿cómo podría hacerlo? He luchado toda mi vida y no puedo dejar de luchar ahora.
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That obsession for going on in the international stage was still there. He didn't want to leave it.
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Mr. Churchill, scene 2, take 1.
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Ladies and gentlemen, the vote that they deposit the 23rd of February will be of great importance for their future.
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Corten. ¿No ha estado mejor?
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Somos los elegidos.
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No lo recuerdo. Y eso que tengo muy buena memoria.
219:21
Lo sé, señor, pero no pasa nada. No se preocupe. Mire a la cámara y empiece de nuevo.
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Pocos somos los elegidos.
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Los demás seréis condenados.
219:36
No hay lugar en el cielo para vosotros.
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El cielo no puede estar abarrotado.
219:43
Esta mañana he leído que no íbamos a leer citas. Tendréis que hacer lo que podáis con eso.
219:50
Uno de los problemas de la democracia es que la gente se cansa de ti. Y aquí tenemos a un hombre que lideró a Inglaterra durante un periodo de tiempo brutal. Luego le echaron del cargo y posteriormente volvió como primer ministro. Una historia increíble.
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The election after six years of labor rule goes conservative. Winston Spencer Churchill, world statesman, is returned to power.
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In the vestibulo of the Cámara of the Comunes, there is an immense bronze statue of Churchill.
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And many members of the parliament have the custom to touch their shoes so that they give them luck. All of us, it reminds us of their presence daily.
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He always thought that the way to pass his story was to write yourself.
220:40
So he said about that. Roosevelt was dead. Stalin didn't write any newspaper. And of course Hitler was dead. Churchill immediately became the narrative. He was the one who gave form our perception of the Second World War.
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And it's a position of enormous power. And by that power, generations of historians and, subsequently, the public, see the Second World War and everything that happened there from their point of view.
221:09
The Second World War put fin to the British Empire.
221:18
People exigía libertad. People exigía nacionalism. Churchill creía genuinely que Gran Bretaña y America iban a decidir la dirección del mundo y que lo que está haciendo America es estableciendo una forma distinta de imperio basado en el control económico en lugar de político. Y eso choca con Churchill. Por su imperialismo, nunca llegó a aceptar que el imperio se había terminado.
221:41
Churchill is a key figure in understanding the British narrative that has been built so that different generations of British people feel proud of themselves. Not as a person with all their complications and defects, but as a symbol of victory, of strengthening the status quo, the continuity, the tradition, the class system.
222:05
De vez en cuando, el mundo necesita líderes fuertes y Churchill era un líder fuerte que nunca olvidó la belleza de la libertad ni la importancia de la democracia.
222:16
Parafraseando a Walt Whitman, igual que América, Churchill contiene multitudes. Creo que es posible ser un líder que consigue algo extraordinario, que legítimamente ayuda a salvar el mundo de algo realmente diabólico y además que toma decisiones horribles Y tiene ideales que nos parecen aborrecibles. Podemos tener todo esto a la vez.
222:40
Todo puede ser cierto. Y eso no significa que tengamos que derribar su estatua. Tal vez significa que tenemos que añadir algo más para contar la historia al completo.
222:52
His determination, his eloquence, his intelligence, his impetus, his resolution. In that sense, the British people see in the image of Churchill, the best version of themselves.
223:11
He is physically, morally, full of perception and perfection.
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Y gracioso hasta el punto de que es capaz de hacer reír a la gente incluso 60 años después de su muerte.
223:29
El retrato es un ejemplo increíble de arte moderno.
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Y un espíritu firme rara vez visto en la historia humana.
223:48
Churchill should inspire us, not by being a hero, but by being so human.
223:58
The day will come when the clean game, the love for your children, the respect for justice and freedom, allow generations to return serenity and triumphantly from the horrible time in which we have to live.
224:20
When I was little, we lived in Charwell, and my brother went on the street to the Santa Santorum in the studio of my grandfather's grandfather, where we could not enter.
224:33
And he said, Abuelo, Abuelo, is it true that you are the most important English English? And he said, yes, now let's go.
224:42
Although he was a great patriot and sometimes a great believer in the British Empire, he was basically a liberal.
224:53
He believed in progress, he believed in freedom, and in the opportunity.
224:58
I think he is more relevant than ever, because the values he believed are under a grave threat and must prevail. In the war,
225:12
decision.
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In the defeat, challenge.
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In the victory, unanimity.
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In the peace, benevolence.
225:44
Thank you.
226:16
Thank you.
227:45
Thank you.
